赣江上游山洪灾害空间分布特征及生态影响因子分析  

The Characteristics of the Spatial Distribution of Mountain Torrent Disasters in the Upper Basin of Ganjiang River and Its Ecological Influential Factors

作　　者：裴厦[1] 刘春兰[1] 谢高地[2] PEI Sha;LIU Chun-lan;XIE Gao-di(Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environment Protection,National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center,Beijing 100037,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市环境保护科学研究院国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2018年第2期413-422,共10页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(5164031);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC03B05)~~

摘　　要：本研究以Arc GIS为平台分析了赣江流域上游地区山洪灾害的空间分布特征,包括地形特征、生态系统格局、生态系统质量以及生态系统功能特征。在此基础上,运用多元统计回归法分析了流域尺度、县域尺度以及点域尺度上山洪灾害的生态环境影响因子。研究结果表明,灾害点主要发生区域植被类型为林地,坡度范围为8°~25°,NDVI范围为0.5~0.7,LAI范围为2~5,NPP范围为1 000 g C/m^2以上,土壤保持能力的范围为3 000 t/hm^2以下,水源涵养能力范围为200 m^3/hm^2以内或者为700~900 m^3/hm^2。大约一半的灾害点位于公路500 m的缓冲区内,且在500 m缓冲区内灾害点的个数与到公路的距离呈负相关关系。流域尺度上,影响灾害点发生频率的主要因子为降雨。县域尺度上,影响灾害点发生频率的主要因子为NDVI和最长汇流路径比降。点域尺度上,影响灾害点发生频率的主要因子为NDVI、坡度以及最长汇流路径比降。This study analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of the mountain torrent disasters based on GIS,including features of topography,ecosystem pattern,ecosystem quality and ecosystem function.Based on the results,the multivariate statistical regression method was used to analyze the eco-environmental factors in mountain torrent disasters on watershed scale,county scale and spot scale.The results showed that the disasters tended to happen in the forest area;and the slope of the disaster-prone areas was 8°-25°,the NDVI was 0.5-0.7,the LAI was 2-5,the NPP was greater than 1 000 gC/m 2,the soil conservation capacity was less than 3 000 t/hm 2,and the water conservation capacity was less than 200 m 3/hm 2 or between 700 m 3/hm 2 to 900 m 3/hm 2.About a half of the disaster spots were located in the 500 m buffer of the road.And,the amount of the disaster spots was negatively related to the distance to road in the 500 m buffer.On watershed scale,the influence factor in disaster happening frequency was precipitation.On county scale,the influence factors were NDVI and the longest confluence path gradient.On spot scale,the influence factors were NDVI,slope,and the longest confluence path gradient.

关 键 词：山洪灾害 空间分布 生态环境因子 尺度效应 赣江流域 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]