君子、理想人格及儒道君子文化的相异互补  

The Gentleman,the Ideal Personality,and the Distinction and Complementarity of Gentlemanly Culture in Confucianism and Daoism

作　　者：洪修平[1] 孙亦平 Hong Xiuping;Sun Yiping

机构地区：[1]南京大学 [2]南京大学哲学系

出　　处：《哲学研究》2018年第4期54-61,128,共9页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"江苏道教文化史"(编号12AZJ002)和"近现代佛教入世转型研究"(编号16AZJ003)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：君子作为现实生活中积极向上向善的正面人格形象,是中华民族共同的成人成己的价值认同,是中华文化做人标准的人格化体现,是将内在德性外化为具体表现的现实人物。"君子"概念的内涵在历史上是不断丰富和发展的,中国儒、佛、道文化都为此作出了重要的贡献。"君子"与理想人格相比,有区别也有联系。理想人格作为道德楷模,是人们学习的榜样,"虽不能至,然心向往之";君子则是不断追求并自觉践行理想人格的优秀人格,是不断趋向于理想人格的现实人格,是每一个普通人在日常生活中都应该努力做到的。在中国传统君子文化中,儒、道两家的君子文化最具代表性,道家的"天之君子"和儒家的"人之君子"中所展现的思想智慧相异互补,丰富了中国人的精神生活。就现实意义而言,提倡每一个人做"君子",在当下社会中也许更具现实性和迫切性。The gentleman,as a positive personality in real life,is agreed-upon by the Chinese nation as the manifestation of the values of realizing oneself and others.The gentleman is a personification of the standards of human life in Chinese culture,and also a realistic figure who externalizes internal morality into concrete behavior.The connotations of the gentleman have been continuously enriched and developed in history,with Chinese Confucianism,Buddhism and Daoism all making important contributions.The concept of the gentleman,when compared with the ideal personality,has both differences and connections.The ideal personality,as a model of morality,is an example for people to learn,as the classic says:although it cannot arrive,the heart longs for it.Meanwhile the gentleman is an excellent personality who is constantly pursuing and consciously practicing at the ideal personality;the gentleman is a realistic personality that constantly tends towards an ideal personality.Every ordinary person should strive for this,and should do so in his daily life.In the traditional gentlemanly culture of China,the most representative strains are those of Confucianism and Daoism.The ideological wisdoms demonstrated by the Daoist“Gentleman of Heaven”and the Confucian“Gentleman of Man”are different yet complementary,and have enriched the spiritual life of the Chinese people with their special cultural styles.In terms of practical significance,advocating for everyone to be a gentleman may be more realistic and urgent in contemporary society than advocating for the selfless dedication of the ideal personality.

关 键 词：君子文化 理想人格 儒家 道家 佛教 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学]