人工合成小麦育种优势的主基因+多基因混合遗传分析  

Mixed major-genes plus polygenes inheritance analysis for breeding superiority in synthetic hexaploid wheat

作　　者：朱欣果 万洪深[1] 李俊[1] 郑建敏[1] 唐宗祥[2] 杨武云[1] ZHU Xinguo;WAN Hongshen;LI Jun;ZHENG Jianmin;TANG Zongxiang;YANG Wuyun(Crop Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院作物研究所/农业农村部西南地区小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,四川成都610066 [2]四川农业大学农学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2018年第4期625-632,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31401382;31401383);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0100102);四川省科技厅项目(2014TD0014;2015JQ0022;2017JY0077)

摘　　要：[目的]人工合成小麦是拓宽现代小麦遗传多样性的重要桥梁资源,如何对其高效利用是一个难点。明确人工合成小麦在育种方面的优势及其遗传基础是其育种利用能否成功的关键。[方法]利用P1、P2和RIL群体联合的主基因+多基因混合遗传分析方法,对人工合成小麦‘圆网/节18’与西南麦区育种中间材料‘10单568’构建的RIL群体及其亲本的条锈病成株抗性以及株高、穗长、小穗数、有效分蘖数、穗粒数、千粒质量等产量相关性状进行了分离分析。[结果]条锈病成株抗性受4对加性基因控制,其抗性位点都来自人工合成小麦,其中第1对和第2对基因的加性效应最大;穗粒数由2对基因控制,其中有1对增加穗粒数基因来自人工合成小麦,其加性效应为3.37;有效分蘖数由4对主基因控制,有3对基因的增效位点来自人工合成小麦,第1对基因加性效应达到1.1;4对控制千粒质量的基因中,只有1对效应最小的基因增效位点来自人工合成小麦;在控制株高、穗长和小穗数的基因中,人工合成小麦不含任何增效位点。[结论]人工合成小麦‘圆网/节18’在育种方面的遗传优势主要表现在提高条锈病成株抗性、增加穗粒数以及有效分蘖数,并且受具有较大加性效应的多个主基因控制,为育种工作者制定育种策略提供了理论指导。[Objectives]Synthetic hexaploid wheat(SHW)is a useful bridge tool to broaden the genetic diversity of modern wheat.However,it is difficult to use it efficiently.To address this issue,it is necessary to dissect their genetic foundation of breeding superiority explicitly.[Methods]A RIL population derived from a SHW accession‘Yuanwang/AT18’crossing with the breeding intermediate material‘10 Dan 568’of Southwest wheat production region and their parents were used to dissect the genetic foundation of breeding superiority using mixed major-genes plus polygenes inheritance analysis.A total of 7 traits including stripe rust resistance(SRR),plant height(PH),spike length(SL),spikelets per spike(SPS),grains per spike(GPS),thousand grain weight(TGW)and spike per plant(SPP)were investigated in this study.[Results]Among the 4 major genes for SRR,all elite alleles were from SHW,and the 1st and 2nd genes had the strongest additive effect.Among the 2 major genes for GPS,one elite allele with the effect of 3.37 was from SHW.Among the 4 major genes for SPP,three elite alleles were from SHW while the 1st gene had the largest effect of 1.1.Among the 4 genes controlling TGW,only one elite gene with the smallest TGW effect was from SHW.In addition,there were no favor alleles from SHW in PH,SPL and SPS.[Conclusions]The SHW accession‘Yuanwang/AT18’obtained its superiority of breeding in enhancing stripe rust resistance,grains per spike and spikes per plant,and this provided theoretical guidance for breeders to define the next breeding target.

关 键 词：人工合成小麦 育种优势 主基因+多基因混合遗传 

分 类 号：S326[农业科学—作物遗传育种] S512.1[农业科学—农艺学]