基于河口生物完整性指数评价上海周边海域健康状况的初步研究  

The Preliminary Study of Ecosystem Health Assessment in Shanghai Adjacent Waters, in China, Based on Estuarine Biotic Integrity Index

作　　者：刘守海[1,2] 张昊飞[1,2] 何彦龙[1,2] 彭小家 秦玉涛[1,2] 季晓[1,2] 杨志 LIU Shouhai;ZHANG Haofei;HE Yanlong;PENG Xiaojia;QIN Yutao;JI Xiao;YANG Zhi(East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center,State Oceanic Administration,Shanghai 201206,China;Key Lab of Integrated Monitoring and Applied Technology for Marine Harmful Algal Blooms,State Oceanic Administration,Shanghai 201206,China;Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Rongcheng College of Harbin University of Science and Technology,Shandong 264300,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局东海环境监测中心,上海201206 [2]海洋赤潮灾害立体监测技术与应用国家海洋局重点实验室,上海201206 [3]上海海洋大学,上海201306 [4]哈尔滨理工大学荣成学院,山东264300

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第8期1494-1501,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC1402305);海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305027;201505004-6);东海分局青年海洋科技基金项目(201608);国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室基金(201607)

摘　　要：近些年来由于水域污染、过度捕捞以及栖息地破坏等原因,河口生态系统的健康状态不断恶化。为研究河口健康状况,利用上海周边海域2016年春季仔、稚鱼DNA条形码鉴定结果,运用河口生物完整性指数(EBI),对上海周边海域的健康状况进行评价,为河口生态修复后评估、河口生态系统健康评估提供技术支持。根据鱼类种类组成特征、可获得数据的类型,初步建立了适合上海周边海域的EBI体系。确定了鱼类浮游生物总种类数、底栖鱼种类数、水层鱼种类数、低耐污种数、高耐污种类数百分比、杂食性种类数百分比、虫食性种类数百分比、肉食性种类数百分比、鱼类取样个体数、外来或天然杂交种种类数百分比等10个作为评价指标。根据各站点数据之间的差距分3个层次赋值,采用1、3、5赋值法计算各采样点EBI值,并将河口生物完整性划分为9个等级对河口进行评价。结果显示,通过DNA条形码的分析,本次调查获得仔、稚鱼样品有18个种,鉴定到属有1个属。由EBI计算所得,所有站点EBI均值为27.6,变化范围在0~41之间;根据EBI等级划分标准,上海周边海域健康状况处于一般到极差的水平。杭州湾北岸EBI值等级为一般,舟山附近海域EBI值等级为差,而长江口海域EBI值等级为差-极差。研究表明,EBI方法在海洋生态系统健康评价过程中表现出良好的效果,为今后深入开展河口生态修复效果评估研究提供了科学依据。In recent years,due to water pollution,overfishing and habitat destruction,the health status of estuarine ecosystem has been declining.In order to study the health status of estuarine,the results of DNA barcode identification of Shanghai adjacent waters in thespring of 2016 were used to evaluate the health status of Shanghai adjacent waters by using the estuarine biotic integrity index(EBI),which provided technical support for the evaluation of the estuarine ecological restoration and the health assessment of the estuarine system.According to the characteristics of fish assemblages and the types of data available in the reach,a EBI system suitable for the surrounding waters of Shanghai was preliminarily established.The evaluation system was established on the basis of estuarine biotic integrity index(EBI)with 10 indices,which was the total number of ichthyoplankton species,number of benthic species,number of column species,number of intolerant species,proportion of tolerant species,proportion of omnivores,proportion of insectivorous,proportion of carnivores,number of individuals in each sample,proportion of hybrid or exotic individuals.According to the differences among data from every site to value and score at three levels,the EBI value of each sampling site was then calculated using 1,3,and 5 approximation of value assignment,and the values were classified into 9 levels to assess the estuarine biotic integrity.The EBI value in our 13 stations ranged from 0 to 41 with an average value of 27.6.The result indicated that the environmental quality of Shanghai adjacent waters fell into fair to very poor categories.The results showed that,18 of which could be identified to the species level using DNA barcoding,while only one to the genus level.The EBI score showed that,the EBI level of North shore in Hangzhou Bay,Zhoushan,the Changjiang River estuary was fair,poor,and poor-very poor,respectively.Our results confirme that it is possible and efficient to assess the ecosystem health by the EBI index.It can be used as a

关 键 词：河口生物完整性指数 DNA条形码 健康状况 生态评价 

分 类 号：X145[环境科学与工程—环境科学]