“越位”的专家与“隐身”的法官——精神病鉴定专家在司法裁决中的错位与归位  

Offside Experts and Invisible Judges——The Dislocation and Restoration of Psychiatric Experts in Judicial Adjudication

作　　者：靳澜涛 JIN Lan-tao(Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学,北京100871

出　　处：《北京警察学院学报》2018年第4期6-11,共6页Journal of Beijing Police College

摘　　要：医学与法学的交叉体现了司法精神病鉴定的专业性与复杂性,造就了鉴定专家在司法程序中的优势地位,其足以影响犯罪是否成立、轻重如何认定,甚至关系到死刑的适用与否。但是,这种"知识性权力"极易对法官的司法裁判权造成一定冲击。特别是在我国,鉴定专家不仅对被鉴定人的精神状态作出鉴定,还要评定被鉴定人的刑事责任能力,变相扩张了精神病鉴定专家的职权范围,甚至具有司法裁判权的外观。欲实现医学诊断与司法裁判的平衡,必须坚持"司法最终裁判"的帝王原则,同时尊重司法精神病鉴定的专业性与科学性,实现法官与鉴定专家之间的合理定位与良性互动,以期真正唤出"隐身"的法官来制衡"越位"的专家,体现司法裁判区别于医学诊断的本质属性,彰显司法改革所追求的"树立法治权威,维护法官尊荣"的终极目标。The intersection between medicine and law embodies the professionalism and complexity of forensic examination on mental disorder,making psychiatric expert gain an edge in judicial adjudication,which determines the establishment and severity of crime even the application of the death penalty.However,this knowledge power is easy to impact the judge’s judicial power.Especially in China,psychiatric experts not only identify mental state,but also assess criminal responsibility,which expands expert’s power and even has the appearance of judicial power.In order to realize the balance between medical diagnosis and judicature,it is necessary to adhere to the principle of judicial final referee.At the same time,we should respect the professionalism and scientificity of forensic examination,achieving benign interaction between experts and judges and embodying the essential attribute of judicature.It will highlight the goal of“establishing the authority of the rule of law and maintaining the honor of the judges”,which is pursued by the judicial reform.

关 键 词：刑事责任能力 精神病鉴定专家 法官 司法裁判权 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]