四轮独立驱动电动拖拉机牵引作业转矩分配研究  

Study on torque distribution of traction operation of four wheel independent driven electric tractor

作　　者：周华栋 鲁植雄[1] 邓晓亭[1] 张超[1] 骆光炬 周润东 ZHOU Huadong;LU Zhixiong;DENG Xiaoting;ZHANG Chao;LUO Guangju;ZHOU Rundong(College of Engineering,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210031,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,江苏南京210031

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2018年第5期962-970,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0701100;2016YFD0701003);中央高校基本科研业务费自主创新重点研究项目(KYJX201702)

摘　　要：[目的]为使四轮驱动电动拖拉机在牵引作业工况下能够获得更好的牵引性能,提出轮边电机式独立驱动方案,驱动轮转矩实时可控。[方法]采用力矩平衡的方法,对牵引作业工况下的四轮独立驱动拖拉机进行动力学分析,得到前、后轮垂向载荷转移随挂钩阻力矩变化的关系。基于驱动轮的地面附着性能,以载荷比为转矩分配依据,建立前、后轮转矩分配比基于挂钩阻力矩变化的Matlab/Simulink仿真计算模型。根据参数计算,匹配合适部件,搭建了四轮独立驱动电动拖拉机试验台架。根据仿真结果在台架上通过Lab VIEW编程测控实现转矩分配随牵引阻力矩变化而变化。[结果]牵引作业时,前、后驱动轮垂向载荷发生改变,重心后移,驱动轮的地面附着能力改变。基于载荷比转矩分配最多可以比均匀分配提高800 N·m的有效驱动力矩。[结论]采用驱动轮力矩平衡的方法,以车轮垂向载荷为转矩分配依据,得到牵引作业下前、后驱动轮的转矩分配与挂钩阻力矩的关系。按照规律对转矩合理分配,提高拖拉机的牵引性能和能量利用效率。[Objectives]In order to achieve better traction performance for the four wheel drive electric tractor under the working condition of the traction operation.A hub motor independent driving programme is presented,and the torque of the driving wheel could be controlled in real time.[Methods]By carrying out the dynamic analysis in traction operating condition,the front and back vertical load shift change with hook towing resistance moment could be achieved in a method of moment balance.The load ratio was the basis for the torque distribution based on the ground adhesion performance and the simulation model of the torque change in the hook traction resistance was established by MATLAB/Simulink.According to the parameter calculation,matching suitable parts,a four-wheel independent driving electric tractor test bench was built.The relationship between torque distribution and traction resistance moment was obtained by LabVIEW programming measurement and control on the platform.[Results]The vertical load of the driving wheel was changed with the center of gravity shifted and the ground adhesion capacity changed in the traction operation condition.The torque allocation based on the load ratio could increase the effective driving torque of about 800 N·m.[Conclusions]Adopting the method of balancing wheel torque,the relationship between the torque distribution under the traction and the hook traction resistance is obtained based on the vertical load of the wheel.Depending on the rational distribution of the torque,the tractor’s traction performance and energy efficiency are polished up.

关 键 词：四轮独立驱动 电动拖拉机 载荷转移 转矩分配 

分 类 号：S219.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]