语义关联的注意捕获——来自线索化范式的证据  

Attentional capture is contingent on attentional control setting for semantic meaning: Evidence from modified spatial cueing paradigm

作　　者：王慧媛[1] 隋洁[2,3] 张明 WANG Hui-Yuan;SUI Jie;ZHANG Ming(Department of Psychology,Changchun Normal University,Changchun 130032,China;Department of Psychology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Department of Psychology,University of Bath,Bath,BA2 7AY,UK;Department of Psychology,Soochow University,Suzhou 215123,China)

机构地区：[1]长春师范大学心理学系,长春130032 [2]清华大学心理学系,北京100084 [3]Department of Psychology, University of Bath [4]苏州大学心理学系,苏州215123

出　　处：《心理学报》2018年第10期1071-1082,共12页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31371025);吉林省教育厅"十三五"社会科学项目(JJKH20181210SK);长春师范大学人文社会科学基金项目(长师大社科合字[2017] 001号)资助

摘　　要：采用线索化范式,操作性地建立线索和靶子的语义关联,考察语义关联对注意捕获的影响。实验1采用特征线索意义靶子的形式,建立某一特定语义水平的注意控制定势,发现线索靶子语义一致时线索捕获注意,线索靶子语义不一致时同样的线索失去捕获注意的能力。实验2随机呈现线索颜色和靶子汉字,建立两种语义概念的注意控制定势,发现所有的线索都出现了捕获效应,而不论其在某一具体试次中是否与靶子意义一致。实验3交换了线索与靶子的属性及概念,采用意义线索特征靶子的形式,结果与实验1一致。这些结果表明,(1)语义关联的注意捕获符合关联性的无意注意定向假说,刺激的捕获能力受当前的注意控制定势调节;(2)由语义概念激活的知觉表征在调节空间注意分配上与其自身相比形式相同,但程度有所下降;(3)知觉特征水平的注意控制定势能够激活与其相应的语义概念,使其吸引注意并调节空间注意分配;(4)知觉表征和语义概念的激活可能是双向的,激活后在指导注意转移上表现出相同的特性。It has been well documented that attentional capture is contingent on the features of attentional control settings;however,whether and how the semantic contingency between cue and target stimuli modulates spatial attention is poorly understood.Here,we tested this question with strict experiment designs by focusing on pure contingent attentional capture for the semantic meaning of feature attributes or semantic concept cues,and we then examined the nature of attentional control in human visual spatial performance.A modified spatial cuing paradigm was employed in the current study.In Experiment 1,cues presented in red or green and targets were white Chinese characters“红”(meaning red)or“绿”(meaning green).We had participants discriminate the location of the gap of the target square in different cue-target blocks.Experiments 2 and 3 were identical to Experiment 1,except that in Experiment 2,cue property and target character were randomized,and the task was to discriminate the target as“红”or“绿”;Experiment 3 swapped the cue and target stimuli,where cues were Chinese characters in white and targets were presented in red or green.The results showed that semantically congruent color cues exclusively captured attention when participants searched for a specific semantic meaning in Experiment 1.In contrast,cuing effects were observed in Experiment 2 in the two-color cue conditions when participants discriminated two Chinese characters,and the effects were independent of the semantic congruency of cue and target.Experiment 3 replicated the results in Experiment 1;cues with semantically congruent Chinese characters captured attention only when participants were required to search for a specific color.It is concluded that(1)the effects of semantic attentional capture were modulated by attentional control setting,consistent with a contingent attentional orienting hypothesis;(2)the perceptional representation of stimuli activated by semantic concept modulated the processing of stimuli on the location of spa

关 键 词：语义关联 注意捕获 注意控制定势 线索化范式 语义激活 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]