EMU6车外受电弓噪声源特征试验研究  

Experimental Research on Noise Source Characteristics of EMU6 Train's External Pantographs

作　　者：吴晓龙[1] 杨志刚[1] 谭晓明[1] 李晓芳 刘慧芳 WU Xiaolong;YANG Zhigang;TAN Xiaoming;LI Xiaofang;LIU Huifang(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education,School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,长沙410075

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2018年第5期107-112,共6页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1134203);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2015BAG12B01-24)

摘　　要：有效辨识噪声源是高速列车噪声治理的基础。基于相控阵列识别技术,对EMU6试验列车展开250 km/h^350 km/h速度级的车外噪声源识别试验研究,获得列车声源表面的噪声源识别云图。试验结果表明受电弓区域是除了转向架区域外最为明显的噪声源区域,且受电弓区域的声功率级值与车速的5~6次方成正比,以气动噪声为主。针对300 km/h时速下对比升弓受电弓的"前车升弓"与"后车升弓"两种工况的差异性,试验结果表明"后车升弓"工况下的声功率级比"前车升弓"工况下声功率级大1 dB左右。受电弓区域频谱图呈现出多峰-宽频的特性,从噪声源频谱能量占比图可以得到受电弓区域的噪声能量主要集中在中低频段,1 250 Hz以下频段能量占比达到90%。通过声学相似性分析,受电弓区域部分杆件气动噪声源具有一定的St数相似性,具有显著的扰流发声特性。Technique for efficient and accurate noise source location is the basis of noise control for high speed trains.In this paper,based on phased array identification technology,the experimental research on the identification of noise sources outside the EMU6 Train’s in the speed range of 250 km/h-350 km/h is carried out,and the noise source identification nephogram of the train surface is obtained.The experimental results show that the pantograph area is the most obvious noise source area besides the bogie area,and the sound power level(SPL)of the pantograph area is directly proportional to the fifth or sixth power of the speed.At speed of 300 km/h,the SPL of the pantograph in the“knuckle facing backward”condition is about 1 dB greater than the SPL of pantograph in the“knuckle facing forward”condition.The pantograph area spectrum shows multi-peak and wide-frequency characteristics.The noise source spectrum vs.energy proportion figure shows that the noise energy of the pantograph area mainly concentrated in the low frequency band,and in the frequency range below 1 250 Hz the noise energy accounts for almost 90%.Through the acoustic similarity analysis,the aerodynamic noise sources in the pantograph region show obvious St number acoustic similarity,which is obviously similar to cylindrical spoiler sound characteristics.

关 键 词：声学 相控声阵列 噪声源识别 声功率级 频谱特性 

分 类 号：U271.91[机械工程—车辆工程]