陶渊明“达道”之历史解读及辨议  

The Historical Interpretation, Analysis and Comment on Tao Yuanming's Approach to “Tao”

作　　者：刘中文[1] LIU Zhongwen(Center of Academic Journals,Suzhou Vocational University,Suzhou 215104,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州市职业大学学术期刊中心,江苏苏州215104

出　　处：《苏州教育学院学报》2018年第5期12-25,60,共15页Journal of Suzhou College of Education

摘　　要：对陶渊明所达之"道"的具体内涵问题的学术争论已延续了一千三百余年之久,诸家各有洞见。苏轼、罗大经、陈寅恪等从道家哲学的宇宙观、价值观、人生观等视角解读陶渊明的"道";黄彻、真德秀则深入儒家元典来论证陶渊明的"道"为尧舜之道、儒家经术之道;葛立方的"第一达磨"之论虽惊世骇俗,然应者寥寥;谢薖、潘德舆、梁启超、朱光潜等人阐释陶公之"道"为儒、道、释之杂糅的观点。文章认为:明末高僧紫柏大师与清人钟秀都强调从"心性"入手、消除哲学与宗教各派别的畛域来解读陶渊明的"道"的方法尤为可取。以哲学史的视野审视,陶渊明是更伟大的玄学家,他的贡献是用生命践行了郭象"儒道会通"的独化论玄学,亦即用生命论证了郭象"儒道会通"理论的可操作性。在陶渊明身上,儒、道会通了,天、人合一了。陶渊明的时代及人脉,也决定了他难以回避佛教的影响。The academic debate on the specific connotation of Tao Yuanming’s“Tao”has been sparkled for more than 1300 years.Su Shi,Luo Dajing and Chen Yinque interpreted Tao Yuanming’s“Tao”from the perspectives of world view,values and philosophy of Taoism.Huang Che and Zhen Dexiu demonstrated that Tao’s“Tao”is the one originated from the spirit of Yao and Shun as well the teachings of Confucian classics.Ge Lifang’s astonishing view of“the first Dharma”didn’t draw much attention.Xie Ke,Pan Dexing,Liang Qichao and Zhu Guangqian clarified that Tao’s“Tao”is a mixture of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism.The writer agrees with the study methods taken by Master Zibai,an eminent monk in the late Ming Dynasty,and Zhong Xiu in the Qing Dynasty,both of whom interpreted Tao’s“Tao”from“the state of mind”and the elimination of the differences between philosophical and religious schools.Seen from the history of the Western philosophy,Tao Yuanming is a greater metaphysician.His contribution is to put Guo Xiang’s theory of“the cohesion between Confucianism and Taoism”into practice throughout his life.In other words,he proved the feasibility of Guo’s theory.For Tao Yuanming,the cohesion between Confucianism and Taoism means the unity of human and nature.Besides,both the era in which Tao lived and his social connections have contributed the inevitable effects that Buddhism exerted on him.

关 键 词：陶渊明 道 老庄之道 新自然说 尧舜之道 第一达摩 儒释道杂糅 心性 玄学家 儒道会通 辨析 评议 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]