“以夷治夷”:明清时期土司地区的国家治理手段  

"YI YI ZHI YI" : THE STRATEGY OF STATE GOVERNANCE IN TUSI AREAS DURING MING AND QING DYNASTIES

作　　者：李良品[1,2] 李思睿 文军 Li Liangpin;Li Sirui;Wen Jun

机构地区：[1]长江师范学院 [2]长江师范学院乌江流域社会经济文化研究中心,专职研究员重庆涪陵408100 [3]西南大学历史文化学院民族学院,讲师重庆北碚400715 [4]长江师范学院政治与历史学院,副教授重庆涪陵408100

出　　处：《广西民族研究》2018年第5期88-94,共7页GUANGXI ETHNIC STUDIES

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“中国土司制度与国家治理研究”(16BMZ017)。

摘　　要："以夷治夷"是明清时期中央政府对土司地区进行国家治理的一种重要手段。明清中央政府运用"以夷治夷"手段主要基于历史经验和现实考量两方面的因素。明清统治者"以夷治夷"的举措有三:一是剿抚并施,二是土流并治,三是众建寡力。"以夷治夷"的手段虽然是明清中央王朝统治集团利益与土司地区民族首领统治集团利益相互结合的产物和长期博弈的结果,能达到分化少数民族、维护中央王朝统治的目的,但是这种手段在国家治理土司地区的过程中发挥着维护祖国统一、促进经济发展的重要作用。"Yi yi zhi yi"was an important strategy for the central government to govern the Tusi areas during Ming and Qing Dynasties.The central government used this strategy mainly based on two factors:historical experience and practical considerations.There are three initiatives in this strategy:firstly,to suppress and pacify at the same time;secondly,to govern both with the local and central power;and thirdly,to weaken local powers through separation.This strategy is the result of the combination of the common interests of the central dynasty ruling group and the ruling group of Tusi areas,and is also the result of their long-term game.This strategy can achieve the goal of separating the power of ethnic minorities and maintaining the rule of the central dynasty.At the same time,this strategy plays an important role in safeguarding national unity and promoting economic development.

关 键 词：以夷治夷 明清时期 土司地区 国家治理 手段 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]