创业型大学研究关注点的中西方差异  

Differences of Research Concerns in Entrepreneurial Universities between China and the West

作　　者：刘叶[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学公共管理系,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2018年第6期70-80,119,共12页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目"创业型大学混成组织的协同能力及其提升路径研究"(71603241);浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题"创业型大学的演化机制及其发展路径研究"(15NDJC194YB)

摘　　要：缘于实用主义与实证主义的研究传统以及"需求导向的研究逻辑",西方发达国家较关注大学、产业、政府合作网络的实质绩效、机制,创业型大学对区域经济发展贡献的测度与发展策略等"实质性行为",而由于保守主义文化与思辨研究的长期影响以及"理念驱动的研究逻辑",中国较关心大学创业变革的合法性,创业型大学对区域经济社会发展的重要性等"理念的深度思辨"。前者研究较"系统"、微观具体、模式化,而后者较"隔离"、宏观抽象与亟待本土化。西方发达国家注重将创业型大学研究纳入到与之所有相关要素构成的创新系统中进行考察,而中国则主要在高等教育学的视域中,将创业型大学隔离出来进行审视。因此,西方发达国家研究者来自于经济、管理、教育、社会甚至工学等多个学科领域,而中国研究者主要来自于高等教育学学科领域;西方发达国家创业型大学变革缘于创新系统对创新创业绩效的诉求,而中国则始于大学自身的自我反思与路径选择。因此,西方发达国家关注点微观具体,而中国关注点偏宏观抽象;"有意识的创业型大学行为"始于西方发达国家,尔后中国才"有意识地引进"了"创业型大学"这个概念。因此,西方发达国家研究呈现出基于区域模式化的个性发展态势,中国尚处于全面引进学习与实践探索阶段,研究上亟待探索基于中国实践的本土化模式。在西方发达国家创业型大学发展实践已经进入实质性发展与建设阶段之时,中国未来研究不仅应充分考虑二者在研究传统与逻辑上的不同,而且应高度重视由此折射出的迥然不同的创业型大学实践表现以及当前发展创业型大学最为紧迫的现实需求。同时,加强对创业型大学"实质行为"、盎格鲁-美国、盎格鲁-撒克逊与洪堡三大经典模式演进中的具体创业实践与潜在机理的关照,以期重塑符合中国�Due to the tradition of pragmatism and positivism and the "demand-oriented research logic",developed countries in the West pay more attention to the actual performance and mechanisms of university,industry,and government cooperation networks,measure and development strategies for the contribution of entrepreneurial universities to regional economic development,which is called "substantial behavior".However,due to the long-term impact of conservative culture and speculative research and "concept-driven research logic",people in China are more concerned with the legitimacy of university entrepreneurial transformation,the importance of entrepreneurial universities for regional economic and social development,etc,which is called "deep speculation of ideas".The former is more "systematic",micro-specific,and modeled,while the latter is more "isolated",macro-abstract and localized.For example,western developed countries focus on incorporating entrepreneurial university research into an innovation system composed of all relevant elements,while domestically,in the perspective of higher education,the entrepreneurial university is isolated and examined.Therefore,researchers from developed countries in the West come from many disciplines such as economics,management,education,sociology and even engineering,while domestic researchers mainly come from the field of higher education.The transformation of entrepreneurial universities in western developed countries is due to the needs from the innovation system,the pursuit of entrepreneurial performance,while the domestic one begins with the university's own self-reflection and pathway choice.Therefore,western developed countries pay attention to micro-specific,while domestic concerns are macro-abstract; " conscious entrepreneurial university behavior" began in western developed countries,and then China "consciously introduced" the concept of "entrepreneurial university".Therefore,the research of western developed countries presents a personality development trend based on regiona

关 键 词：创业型大学 学术创业 学术资本主义 区域经济 高等教育学 协同创新 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]