茶草互作模式下茶园环境及茶树生长的初步变化  

Preliminary variations in the environment of tea gardens and tea growth on the tea-grass interaction mode

作　　者：詹杰[1] 李振武[1] 邓素芳[1] 应朝阳[1] ZHAN Jie;LI Zhenwu;DENG Sufang;YING Zhaoyang(Agricultural Ecology Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Hilly Prataculture;Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Hilly Red Soil;Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture,China,Fuzhou 350013,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所,福建省山地草业工程技术研究中心,福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室,农业部福州农业环境科学观测实验站,福建福州350013

出　　处：《草业科学》2018年第11期2694-2703,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项(2017L3006);现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-22);福建省农业科学院科技创新团队(STIT2017-1-9)

摘　　要：以传统清耕茶园、松茶间作、人工种草和自然生草不同栽培模式茶园为研究对象,对茶园温湿度、土壤理化性状、土壤微生物、茶树生长光合特性、茶叶品质进行比较,为建立适宜茶园栽培模式提供理论依据。结果表明,与传统清耕茶园相比,人工种草显著(P<0.05)提高了茶园土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷含量;自然生草显著(P<0.05)提高了茶园土壤全磷、速效磷含量;松茶间作显著(P<0.05)提高了茶园土壤有机质含量。在夏季高温干旱时期,与传统清耕茶园相比,人工种草、自然生草模式土壤含水量(0-20cm土层)分别显著(P<0.05)提高了4.58%、21.84%;松茶间作、人工种草和自然生草茶园模式空气湿度最低值分别提高了4.88%、6.66%和9.98%,空气温度日变化幅度比传统清耕茶园分别降低了2.2、3.1、5.1℃。与传统清耕茶园相比,人工种草、自然生草模式茶园春夏茶氨基酸含量和夏茶茶水浸出物含量显著(P<0.05)提高,松茶间作、人工种草和自然生草模式茶园夏茶产量分别显著(P<0.05)提高了28%、17%、14%。相对传统清耕茶园,松茶间作、人工种草和自然生草能改善茶园土壤质量、光、温、湿等小气候条件,有利于茶树的生长,其中人工种草和自然生草在提高茶园土壤养分、茶叶品质、调控茶园温湿度方面效果更好,值得在生产上进一步推广应用。To provide theoretical guidance for tea planting,the effects of different cultivation modes on physical,chemical,and biological properties of soil were studied.Four modes,including traditional tea garden cultivation(TG),intercropping tea and pine(PG),and growing grass in tea garden artificially(AG)and naturally(NG)were selected in our study.Results showed that the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorous,available phosphorous,and nitrogen were higher in AG than in TG,and total and available phosphorous contents in NT and soil organic matter content in PT were higher than those in TG.During summer season,which is characterized by high temperatures and drought,compared with TG,soil moisture contents in AG and NG significantly increased by 24.58%and 21.84%,respectively,and the minimum air humidity of PG,AG,and NG increased by 4.88%,6.66%and 9.98%,and the daily variation in temperatures of PG,AG,and NG decreased by 2.2℃,3.1℃and 5.1℃,respectively.Compared with TG,the contents of amino acid in spring and summer teas,and tea leachate contents in summer tea were higher in AG and NG;the tea yield of PG,AG,and NG significantly increased by 28%,17%,and 14%,respectively.In summary,compared with TG,soil quality and the minor climatic conditions(e.g.,light,temperature,and humidity)were improved in PG,AG,and NG,which would be beneficial for tea growth.AG and NG are more efficient in improving the soil nutrients of tea gardens and regulating the temperature and humidity of tea gardens,and are worth applying in tea production.

关 键 词：闽北 松茶间作 人工种草 自然生草 生态环境 茶叶品质 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]