基于柔性轮轨模型的车轮谐波磨耗对高速轮轨系统振动影响的仿真研究  

Simulation Study on Influence of Harmonic Wear of Wheel on Vibration of High-Speed Wheel-Rail System Based on Flexible Wheel-Rail Model

作　　者：胡晓依 侯银庆 宋志坤[2] 成棣 侯茂锐 HU Xiaoyi;HOU Yinqing;SONG Zhikun;CHENG Di;HOU Maorui(Railway Science & Technology Research & Development Center, Railway Science & Technology Research & Development Center,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing100081,China;School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道科学技术研究发展中心,北京100081 [2]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2018年第6期81-89,共9页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金-高铁联合基金资助项目(U1734201);中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划项目(N2018G044)

摘　　要：采用ANSYS有限元软件结合SIMPACK动力学软件建立基于Timoshenko梁的柔性轨和柔性轮模型的车辆—轨道耦合动力学模型,以典型的高阶车轮谐波磨耗(阶次为18~21阶,幅值为0.01~0.04mm)激扰作为系统的输入激励,对比分析在柔性轮柔性轨模型与刚性轮轨、柔性轮刚性轨和柔性轨刚性轮模型下高阶车轮谐波磨耗对高速轮轨系统振动响应的影响。结果表明:当车轮谐波磨耗激扰激发轮对固有模态引起共振时,基于柔性体模型计算出的振动响应幅值大于基于刚性体模型计算的结果,而当激扰频率远离共振模态频率时,基于刚性体模型计算的振动幅值大于基于柔性体模型计算的结果;总体上,轮轨垂向力、钢轨及轴箱振动加速度随着车轮谐波磨耗幅值、阶次及列车运行速度的增大而增大;在车辆速度300km·h-1、车轮多边形阶次为20时,车轮多边形幅值0.04mm激起的钢轨及轴箱振动加速度峰值约为幅值0.01mm下的2.5倍;当车轮多边形幅值固定、阶次由18阶增至21阶时,激起的钢轨振动加速度仅增大约1.6倍、轴箱振动加速度级增大约5.7dB,相较于多边形幅值而言,多边形阶次对轮轨系统振动响应的影响较小。A vehicle-track coupling dynamic model of flexible rail and flexible wheel based on Timoshenko beam was established by using ANSYS finite element software and SIMPACK dynamics software.The excitation of typical high order wheel harmonic wear(order:18 to 21,amplitude:0.01 to 0.04 mm)was used as the input excitation of the system.The influence of high order wheel harmonic wear on the vibration response of high-speed wheel-rail system was compared and analyzed under flexible wheel and rail model,rigid wheel and rail model,flexible wheel and rigid rail model as well as flexible rail and rigid wheel model.Results showed that when the excitation of wheel harmonic wear excited the natural mode of the wheelset to cause resonance,the amplitude of the vibration response calculated based on the flexible body model was larger than that based on the rigid body model.When the excitation frequency was far away from the resonance modal frequency,the vibration amplitude calculated based on the rigid body model was larger than that based on the flexible body model.In general,the wheel-rail vertical force,rail and axle box vibration acceleration increased with the increase of wheel harmonic wear amplitude,order and train running speed.When the vehicle speed was 300 km·h-1 and the wheel polygonal order was 20,the peak vibration acceleration of rail and axle box caused by the wheel polygonal amplitude 0.04 mm was about 2.5 times of the amplitude 0.01 mm.In addition,when the wheel polygonal amplitude was fixed and the polygonal order was increased from 18 to 21,the excited vibration acceleration of the rail was only increased by about 1.6 times,and the vibration acceleration level of the axle box was increased by about 5.7 dB.Compared with the polygonal amplitude,the polygonal order had little effect on the vibration response of wheel-rail system.

关 键 词：车轮谐波磨耗 柔性轮轨模型 耦合振动 轮轨垂向力 振动加速度 

分 类 号：U211.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]