理解技术的不同维度——论社会科学研究中的技术观  

Understanding Technology from Different Dimensions——Technology views in social science research

作　　者：乔天宇[1] 涂真 孙朔晗 QIAO Tian-yu;TU Zhen;SUN Shuo-han(Department of Sociology, Peking University;The Center for Sociological Research and Development Studies of China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《科学与社会》2018年第4期34-49,共16页Science and Society

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"作为发展要素的互联网资本研究"(16JJD840002)

摘　　要：本文讨论了现代社会科学关于技术的研究中经常被预设的三种技术观:自然主义、建构主义和批判主义,探讨了它们各自对技术本体和技术变迁问题的理解,讨论了它们之间的区别以及各自的贡献与局限。研究认为技术观在技术研究中扮演着重要的角色,它们构成了相关技术研究的基本预设,每一种技术观都能提供特定的问题域和观察视角。相比于争论技术观的"对错",发挥不同技术观在研究中的认知功能更加重要。This article summarizes the literature on three technology views,Naturalism,Constructivism and Criticism,in contemporary social science.We first discuss how these three views articulate technical ontologies and technical changes,and then compare the distinctions among them as well as the contributions and limitations.We find that the technology view forms the base and assumption in technology research,which defines special question domains and influences our standpoint.Technology view plays a significant role in research and thus it is more important to exert the cognitive functions of different technology views than to discuss the"right or wrong"of the controversial technology view.

关 键 词：技术观 自然主义 建构主义 批判主义 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]