钾肥对紫甘薯花青素的影响  

Effect of Potassium Fertilizer on Anthocyanin of Purple Sweet Potato

作　　者：郭亮虎[1] 逯腊虎[1] 王镇[1] 陈永杰[1] 许玉娟[1] 高炜[1] 连晋[1] GUO Lianghu;LU Lahu;WANG Zhen;CHEN Yongjie;XU Yujuan;GAO Wei;LIAN Jin(Institute of Wheat,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Linfen 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院小麦研究所,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2019年第1期78-81,共4页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省农业科学院科技创新项目(YCX2017D2220)

摘　　要：为了提高紫甘薯中花青素的含量,对其钾肥施用时期和施用量进行了探究,以基肥、追肥和基肥+追肥方式对紫罗兰、济黑1号、济黑2号、徐紫1号、宁紫4号和济薯18号共6个紫甘薯品种设置不同施钾量的6个处理(K0～K5),收获后分别测定花青素含量。结果显示,紫罗兰的花青素含量最高,在不同钾肥处理下的变幅最大(1 100～1 500 mg/kg);而宁紫4号的花青素含量最低,在400 mg/kg左右;所有供试紫薯品种在施加钾肥后花青素含量均有提升,其中,紫罗兰、济黑2号和宁紫4号的花青素含量在施钾量24 g/m2(K2)处理下达到最高值;济黑1号、徐紫1号、宁紫4号分施钾肥(K5)比单施等量钾肥基肥(K2)处理下的薯块花青素含量要低,但是可以提高薯块产量从而获得更多的花青素。不同紫甘薯品种间的花青素含量和对钾肥的敏感性存在差异,对大部分品种而言,一次性施足钾肥基肥可满足块根中花青素合成所需,但不同品种的施钾量不完全一致;在施用钾肥基肥后,追施钾肥并不能显著提高供试紫甘薯品种的花青素含量,但可以增加薯块质量,从而使花青素的单位面积总含量得到提升。Purple sweet potato is rich in anthocyanins and has high value in food and health care.To improve the content of anthocyanins,the application period and amount of potassium fertilizer for purple sweet potato were studied.Six treatments(K0~K5)of six purple sweet potato varieties,including Ziluolan,Jihei 1,Jihei 2,Xuzi 1,Ningzi 4 and Jishu 18,were treated with basal or top-dressing fertilizer method,and the content of anthocyanins were measured after harvest.The results showed that the content and change range of anthocyanin were the highest(1 100~1 500 mg/kg)in Ziluolan,and the lowest in Ningzi 4 at about 400 mg/kg.The anthocyanin content of all tested purple potato varieties increased after applying potash,among which it reached the highest value under the application of 24 g/m2(K2)in Ziluolan,Jihei 2 and Ningzi 4.Furthermore,in Jihei 1,Xuzi 1 and Ningzi 4,the content of anthocyanin in the potato block under the treatment of basal and top-dressing potassium fertilizer(K5)was lower than that of the single equivalent basal fertilizer(K2),but the higher anthocyanin yield could be obtained.In conclusion,the anthocyanin content and the sensitivity to potash of different purple sweet potato varieties are different.For most varieties,the one-time base fertilizer can meet the requirement of anthocyanin synthesis in the tuberous roots,but the amount of potassium application in different varieties is not exactly the same.After the application of basal potash,the top-dressing potassium fertilizer can not significantly increase the anthocyanin content of the tested varieties,but it can increase the potato quality,thus improving the total content of anthocyanin.

关 键 词：钾肥 施用方式 施用量 紫甘薯 花青素 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]