见微知著?失败学习、机会识别与新产品开发绩效  

Greatness in trivialness? Failure-based learning behaviors, opportunity identification and new product development performance

作　　者：于晓宇[1,2] 陶向明[3,4] 李雅洁[1,2] YU Xiao-yu;TAO Xiang-ming;LI Ya-jie(School of Management,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;School of Management,Royal Holloway,University of London,London TW20 0EX,UK;SHU Centre for Strategic Management,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;SHU Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学管理学院,上海200444 [2]上海大学创新创业研究中心,上海200444 [3]伦敦大学皇家霍洛威学院管理学院 [4]上海大学战略管理研究中心,上海200444

出　　处：《管理工程学报》2019年第1期51-59,共9页Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71472119);国家留学基金资助项目(201606890019);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(15JZD017);国家社会科学基金资助项目(13AZD015);上海高校特聘教授(东方青年学者)岗位计划资助

摘　　要：既有研究忽视失败情境的学习价值,较少探索失败学习行为如何影响新产品开发绩效。整合经验学习理论和组织双元理论,本文检验个体和组织两个层次的失败学习行为对新产品开发绩效的影响,重点检验利用式和探索式两类机会识别在此过程中的中介作用。结果揭示失败学习行为向新产品开发绩效转化有三条路径,一是两个层次的失败学习行为均会对新产品开发绩效存在直接影响;二是两个层次的失败学习行为顺次通过利用式机会识别和探索式机会识别,对新产品开发绩效产生间接影响,其中利用式机会识别、探索式机会识别在失败学习行为与新产品开发绩效的关系中扮演了链式中介的角色;三是组织层次的失败学习行为通过探索式机会识别的部分中介间接影响新产品开发绩效。此外,研究发现个体层面的失败学习行为对探索式机会识别的影响不显著,利用式机会识别对新产品开发绩效的影响不显著。本文揭示了从失败中学习的价值部分取决于是否能从失败中发现更多新的机会。见微知著,从失败中发现"小"机会,再从"小"机会的开发过程中发现"大"机会,是提高新产品开发绩效的重要路径。从失败中直接发现"大"机会并不取决于个体对失败的反省,而是取决于组织对失败的集体性反思。最后讨论了研究结果的理论价值和对新产品开发管理的实践启发。Entrepreneurship is viewed as a trial and error process,and most entrepreneurial projects fail eventually.Failure is not always a negative thing since failures lays the seeds of subsequent success.The path from failure to success largely depends on whether entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial firms can learn from failure or not.However,prior studies under-estimate the value of Failure-based Learning Behaviors(FLBs),seldom explored as the determinants of New Product Development(NPD)performance from the behavior perspective.Thus,it is still unknown whether and how FLBs influence NPD performance.To address these research gaps,combining experiential learning theory and organizational ambidexterity theory,this study uses a sample of 177 high-technology new ventures and builds a conceptual model to explore the relationship between both FLBs at the individual level and organizational level and NPD performance,as well as the mediating role of two types of opportunity identification,namely,exploitative opportunity identification and exploratory opportunity identification.Using structural equation model and path analysis,the results show that:⑴Both FLBs at the individual level and organizational level have positive effects on NPD performance;⑵Opportunity identification plays a role of partial mediation in the relationship between FLBs and NPD performance;⑶Exploitative opportunity identification has positive effect on exploratory opportunity identification,and has indirect influences on NPD performance through the mediating effect of explorative opportunity identification;⑷The FLB at the individual level has no effect on explorative opportunity identification;⑸There is no effect between exploitative opportunity identification and NPD performance.The results reveal that both FLBs at the individual level and organizational level have positive effects on NPD performance through three paths.The first one is the direct path,and the second is indirect path through the chain mediating effect of exploitative opportunity iden

关 键 词：失败学习行为 机会识别 新产品开发绩效 经验学习理论 组织双元 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]