停车总成本最小的停车位动态分配与诱导模型  

A Dynamic Allocation and Guidance Model for Parking Spaces with Minimum Total Parking Costs

作　　者：卢凯[1] 林茂伟 邓兴栋[2] 徐广辉[1] 徐建闽[1] LU Kai;LIN Maowei;DENG Xingdong;XU Guanghui;XU Jianmin(School of Civil Engineering and Transportation,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute,Guangzhou 510060,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学土木与交通学院,广东广州510640 [2]广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院,广东广州510060

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第9期82-91,98,共11页Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(61773168;61203164);广东省科技计划项目(2016A030305001)~~

摘　　要：车辆反复寻泊是现代城市交通中的一种常见现象,其产生的无效交通量将增大城市道路交通压力,如何利用停车诱导使区域内所有待泊车辆合理停泊是改善城市停车问题的一种有效手段.本研究综合考虑驾驶员个体停车行为受步行距离、停车费用、停车意愿等因素的影响,将区域内待泊车辆的停车成本分解为寻泊行驶时间成本、步行时间成本、停车费用成本,给出了考虑驾驶员心理意愿的系统虚拟成本定义及计算方法,对步行距离心理阻抗与停车费用心理阻抗进行了敏感性分析,确定了停车诱导控制变量的约束条件,建立了以停车诱导系统虚拟总成本最小为优化目标的区域停车位动态分配与诱导模型.算例分析表明,本方法可以从区域总体停车需求角度出发,制定出合理的停车位动态分配与诱导方案,特别是在停车位紧张的情况下与广播式停车诱导方法相比,本方法可以减少反复寻泊的现象,使区域停车实际总成本明显降低.Looking for parking lots repeatedly is a common phenomenon in modern urban traffic system,which causes the pressure of urban traffic because of the ineffective transportation.Parking guidance for all the waiting cars to complete their reasonable parking in the area is an effective way to solve parking problems.This study takes into consideration such factors as walking distance between a parking lot and his destination,parking fees,parking willingness comprehensively when an individual driver parks.The parking costs are decomposed into the costs of driving time,walking time and parking fees.The definition and calculation method of virtual costs relevant to a driver s willingness are given,and the analysis of sensitivity of psychological impedance of walking distance and parking fee is made.Then the constraints of parking guidance control variables are determined,and the model of area dynamic allocation and guidance of parking space is established,which minimizes the total virtual parking costs concerning parking guiding system.The exemplary analysis shows that this model can formulate the reasonable scheme of dynamic allocation and guidance of parking space concerning the overall parking demand of the whole area.Compared with the broadcast parking guidance method,this method can decrease the trouble of looking for parking lots repeatedly and reduce the total actual parking costs of the whole area,especially when parking space is limited.

关 键 词：智能交通系统 停车位分配 停车诱导 停车成本 区域动态诱导 

分 类 号：U491.4[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]