干热河谷旱季3种典型植被恢复树种光合生理特征  

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Three Typical Trees for Vegetation Restoration in Dry Season of Dry-Hot Valley

作　　者：赵广[1,2] 金杰 韩学琴[3] 王雪梅[1,2] 邓红山[3] 廖承飞 ZHAO Guang;JIN Jie;HAN Xue-qin;WANG Xue-mei;DENG Hong-shan;LIAO Cheng-fei(Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Sichuan Chengdu 610041, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institute of Tropical Eco-agriculture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Yuanmou 651300, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋651399

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2019年第1期81-86,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家木薯产业技术体系楚雄辣木综合试验站专项资金(CARS-11-YNJJ);2017年农业部物种品种资源保护(热带作物)项目(151721301354051702);南亚热作专项"辣木矮化密植集约化栽培技术示范与推广"(151721301064071701)

摘　　要：【目的】本文探索了干热河谷典型造林树种的光合特性。【方法】采用LI-6400光合测量系统测定、比较研究了辣木(Morin-ga oleifera)、银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala)和罗望子(Tamarindus indica)叶片主要光合参数随有效光合辐射的变化特征,探讨3树种的蒸腾速率和水分利用效率特征差异。【结果】3种树种的Pn和Gs对PAR变化表现出不同的响应规律;弱光条件下(PAR <500μmol·m-2·s-1),3树种Pn随PAR增加迅速升高,但罗望子Pn升高速率较慢,辣木Pn上升速率最快,叶片Pn整体表现为辣木>银合欢>罗望子;辣木和银合欢具有较高的光饱和点,而银合欢和罗望子光补偿点较低; 3树种表观量子效率(AQY)总体上处在正常范围内,但辣木和银合欢AQY显著高于罗望子(P <0. 05);罗望子的叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)显著低于银合欢和辣木(P <0.05),3树种的WUE整体表现为辣木>罗望子>银合欢。【结论】考虑到干热河谷区银合欢高蒸腾、低水分利用效率特征以及其潜在的入侵植物危害属性,今后干热河谷植被恢复物种筛选应谨慎选择银合欢。【Objective】This paper aimed to explore the photosynthetic characteristics of three typical afforestation tree species in dry-hot valley.【Method】LI-6400 was applied to measure the main photosynthetic parameters against photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)of Moringa oleifera,Tamarindus indica and Leucaena leucocephala,and the transpiration and water use efficiency(WUE)were also discussed.【Result】The P n and G s of 3 species showed different responses to PAR variations.Under weak light zone(PAR<500μmol·m^-2s^-1),the P n of three tree species increased rapidly with PAR,but the increase rates were relatively lower for T.indica and higher for M.oleifera.Generally,the P n of three species were in order of M.oleifera >L.leucocephala >T.indica.M.oleifera,and L.leucocephala had higher light saturation point,while L.leucocephala and T.indica possessed lower light compensation points.The apparent quantum efficiency(AQY)of 3 species were generally within the normal range,but the AQY of M.oleifera and L.leucocephala were significantly higher than that of T.indica(P<0.05).The transpiration rate of T.indica was significantly lower than that of M.oleifera and L.leucocephala(P<0.05),and the WUE of 3 species were in order of M.oleifera >T.indica >L.leucocephala.【Conclusion】With high transpiration,low water use efficiency and potential harm characteristic of invasive plant,L.leucocephala should be carefully selected as vegetation restoration specie in the dry-hot valleys.

关 键 词：辣木 罗望子 银合欢 光合作用 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]