中国近代的“现代化困境”——现代性视角下的五四东西文化论战  

The Modernization Dilemma of Modern China——On the May 4th Eastern and Western Cultures Debate from the Perspective of Modern

作　　者：张翼飞 ZHANG Yi-fei(Harbin Engineering University,College of Humanities,Harbin 150080)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学人文学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《学习与探索》2019年第2期39-47,194,共10页Study & Exploration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"韦伯与中国文化研究"(14ASH002);中央高校基本业务费精品文科支持计划(HEUCF20181309)

摘　　要：以社会理论的视角观之,"五四"文化论战双方分歧的本质在于对"现代性"的态度不同,"西化派"主张拥抱现代性,"文化保守派"主张对现代性进行批判和反思。态度差异源自论战双方对当时中国的问题意识不同。这体现了中国近代遭遇的"现代化困境",即在现代化的过程中现代化的优点没有显著体现,现代化的弊端却暴露无遗。西化派看到了前者,认为问题在于"西化不足"要引入西方启蒙时代的思想资源;文化保守派看到了后者,认为中国问题是"现代"过度,要通过提倡传统儒家价值来进行"治疗"。事实上双方的解决办法都存在偏差,其重要原因在于双方均未认识到中国传统世俗文化其实和暴露出"现代性"弊端的西方晚期现代性文化极为相似。On the study of the subject of the Eastern and Western Cultures Debate Before and After“May 4th Movement”,scholars usually stand on the viewpoints from the perspective of“ancient vs.modern”and“western vs.eastern”.In this paper,we have expended the research from the perspective of“modernity”to analyze the debate and found that the superficial reason of the differences of opinion between the“Westernizationist”and“Cultural Conservatives”was the different understanding of“Chinese culture”(one chose folk culture as the representative of Chinese culture,and the other chose book culture);however,the profound reason is the different awareness of Chinese issues,which is caused by a unique“modernization dilemma”of China,i.e.in the process of modernization,China obtained the defect instead of the merit.The two sides saw one of the aspects respectively,whose views were both biased,owing to their neglect of the similarities of Chinese folk culture and western“late modernity”culture.

关 键 词：五四运动 文化论战 现代性 梁启超 陈独秀 梁漱溟 张东荪 杜亚泉 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]