小型收获机电动脱粒滚筒负荷监测系统的设计  

Design of Load Monitoring System of Electric Threshing Cylinder for Small-sized Harvester

作　　者：钱晓胜[1] 康杰[1] Qian Xiaosheng;Kang Jie(College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学工程技术学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《农机化研究》2019年第3期188-192,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：重庆市应用开发计划项目(cstc2014yykfA80001);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(XDJK2017C078)

摘　　要：丘陵山区的稻麦机械化收获作业主要依靠小型手扶式收获机械。为使4GQT-90型手扶式收获机工作在额定作业负荷范围内以提高其作业质量,在理论上推导了该收获机电动脱粒滚筒的扭矩与其驱动电机电流之间的数学关系,然后通过实验室试验得到该收获机处于额定负荷下对应的电机负载电流和脱粒滚筒转速,并作为控制基准,在收获机实际作业过程中周期性检测电流和转速参数并与基准范围进行比较后,通过显示装置提示操作人员控制收获机的作业速度。试验结果表明:对于同一个操作人员,该收获机的负荷稳定性变异系数从完全依靠人工经验操作下的14.5%降低到有负荷监测系统辅助作业下的8.1%,在前后两种工况下,额定负荷范围内的作业时间占总测试时间的比例分别为8%和82%。该负荷监测系统可以为操作人员控制收获机提供实时可靠的提示,能够保证该收获机基本处于额定作业负荷范围内。The grain harvesting mechanization depends on the small-sized walking harvester in the hilly and mountainous area. For improving working performance of the 4GQT-90 walking harvester by making it working within the rated load, first the mathematical relation in theory was established between the motor load current and output torque of the threshing cylinder. Then the motor load current and the threshing cylinder speed under the rated condition of the harvester were obtained as the control datum by laboratory experiments, compared with detected motor current and cylinder speed periodically during the harvester operation, and the display device assisted an operator in controlling forward velocity of the harvester by showing prompts corresponding to comparison results. The test results showed that for the same operator the coefficient of variation of consistency of the harvester load decreased from 14.5% by manual control depending totally on experience to 8.1% by that with the assistance of the load monitoring system and the ratio of working time within rated load to test time was 8% in the former and 82% in the latter respectively. The load monitoring system can provide real-time and reliable prompts for the operator to keep the harvester mainly working within the rated load.

关 键 词：收获机 脱粒滚筒 割前脱粒 负荷监测 电流检测 

分 类 号：S24[农业科学—农业电气化与自动化] S237[农业科学—农业工程]