铁路桥梁弹塑性护栏设计及碰撞仿真研究  

Design of elastic-plastic guardrail on the railway bridge and its crash simulation study

作　　者：高广军[1] 陈功 关维元 吴永军 GAO Guangjun;CHEN Gong;GUAN Weiyuan;WU Yongjun(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering,Central South University, Changsha 410075, China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2019年第2期391-398,共8页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFB1200403);国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1334208);中南大学理工医学科第二批战略先导立项专项项目(ZLXD2017002);中国铁路总公司重点科研项目(2016J009-F)

摘　　要：提出一种适用于高速铁路桥梁弹塑性护栏设计,由立柱、吸能块和横梁组成。以3个组成部分的壁厚为设计变量,以吸能量和最大峰值力为目标响应,通过数值仿真得到优化拉丁超立方试验设计的样本空间。基于最小二乘法构建关于目标响应的三阶多项式响应面模型,通过多目标遗传算法对弹塑性护栏各组成部分的壁厚进行优化设计。以多目标优化设计的"平衡解"为弹塑性护栏的壁厚尺寸,建立简化的列车-弹塑性护栏-桥梁有限元模型,通过仿真对比现有防护墙和弹塑性护栏对脱轨列车的防护性能。研究结果表明:弹塑性护栏可以降低列车的撞击力,同时可以吸收部分碰撞能量。A kind of elastic-plastic guardrail for the high-speed railway bridge is proposed in this paper, which is composed of column, energy absorption block and beam. The wall thicknesses of the three parts were used as the design variables, the EA (absorbing energy) and the PCF (maximum peak force) as the target response. The optimal Latin hypercube test design, combined with the finite element simulation to get the sample space. Three order polynomial response surface models for target responses were established based on least square method. The multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to optimize the wall thickness of the elastic-plastic guardrail. The “equilibrium solution” of the multi-objective optimization design were set as the wall thickness of the elasticplastic guardrail, and a simplified train-elastic-plastic guardrail-bridge finite element model was established. The protection performance of the existing protective wall and elastic-plastic guardrail on the derailment train were compared through simulation. The results show that the elastic-plastic guardrail can greatly reduce the impact force of the train and can absorb some collision energy at the same time.

关 键 词：铁路桥梁 弹塑性护栏 优化设计 碰撞仿真 

分 类 号：U260[机械工程—车辆工程]