现代汉语常用词中比喻的层次和意义  

The Level and Significance of Metaphor in Common Words of Modern Chinese

作　　者：孙银新[1] Sun Yinxin(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院,北京100875

出　　处：《学术交流》2019年第2期147-157,192,共12页Academic Exchange

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"现代汉语常用词的构成理据研究"(13BYY123)

摘　　要：比喻在现代汉语常用词里的层次及在词义构成中具有重要地位。层次性在造词法上表现为比喻造词有三种情形:一是只出现喻体。二是本体在前喻体在后的共现式。三是本体在后喻体在前的共现式。三种情形都分别与构词法的特定类型形成对应关系。由此显示了常用词构成理据的不同类型:深层理据和浅层理据。只出现喻体的词具有深层理据,本体喻体共现的词具有浅层理据。深层理据决定词义的整体和核心,浅层理据仅仅影响词义的局部,对词义有适度描写补充添加修饰的作用。辞书释义应该显示常用词中所含的比喻在层次、意义和理据上的不同。Metaphor plays an important role in the level of common words in modern Chinese and in semantic formation.Hierarchy in lexical formation is represented by three situations of figurative lexical formation:solo appearance of vehicle,the co-occurrence of the preceded tenor and post vehicle,and the coexistence of the post-tenor and the preceded-vehicle.All these three patterns correspond to the specific types of word formation.This shows the different types of morphological basis for common words:deep and shallow bases.There are deep basis for only-vehicle words,and shallow one for vehicle-tenor-coexisted words.Deep basis decides the entirety and core of word meaning,while shallow one only affects the part of word meaning,functioning as moderately describing,supplementing and modifying word meaning.The lexicographic interpretation should show the differences in levels,meanings and bases of the metaphors contained in common words.

关 键 词：常用词 比喻造词 词素意义 词义 比喻义 

分 类 号：H15[语言文字—汉语]