高速公路限速区段安全与效率优化协调模型  

Optimization and coordination model for speed limit section in freeway

作　　者：李瑞[1] 马荣国[1] 梁国华[1] 邓亚娟[1] 王宝杰 LI Rui;MA Rongguo;LIANG Guohua;DENG Yajuan;WANG Baojie(School of Highway,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学公路学院,西安710064

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报》2019年第3期158-164,共7页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology

基　　金："弘毅长大"研究生科研创新实践项目(2018036)

摘　　要：为改善高速公路分区段限速管理下的运行安全与效率,缓解由于限速区段设置不当、频繁换速造成的驾驶负担,对高速公路分区段限速管理下的限速区段进行优化协调设置.首先,以损失时间最小为原则,提出3种情形下的高速公路限速区段优化协调模型;其次,依据驾驶人认知距离、心理稳定距离和限速标志前置距离,及驾驶员问卷调查统计数据,对模型计算中的最小限速区段长度和最大限速区段数目两参数进行标定;最后,根据经济学风险与收益的原理,分别用风险函数和收益函数表征高速公路交通安全和效率,构建高速公路安全指数、效率指数评价模型,并结合案例高速公路初始限速区段设置情况,对所提限速区段最优协调模型的实效性进行仿真检验.结果表明:案例高速公路应用所提优化模型进行限速区段协调控制后,高速公路综合安全指数值减小45.51%、综合效率指数值增大26.78%,安全、效率状态更加靠近理想点(a,b).针对分区段限速控制的高速公路交通安全与效率的提升,该方法具有较好的可行性与实效性,可为高速公路限速管理提供理论支持.To improve the safety and efficiency of freeway under the management of partition speed limit and reduce drivers' burden caused by improper speed limit and frequent speed changes, this research optimized and coordinated freeway speed limit sections under the management of partition speed limit. First, the optimal coordination model for freeway speed limit was constructed in three cases on the basis of the principle of minimum loss time. Second, the minimum length of the speed limit section and the number of speed limit sections used in the process of the coordinated optimization were determined based on the theoretical calculation of drivers' cognitive distance, psychological stability distance, speed limit sign front distance, and a questionnaire survey. Then the risk function and income function were used to characterize the traffic safety and efficiency of freeway and construct the corresponding evaluation model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was tested by simulating the original setting of the speed limit section and the traffic condition of a project freeway. Results show that after the optimization the comprehensive safety index decreased by 45.51% and the comprehensive efficiency index increased by 26.78%, which means the state of safety and efficiency has come closer to the ideal point ( a , b ). This feasible and effective method can improve traffic safety and efficiency level, and provides a theoretical basis for the safety and efficiency management of speed limit sections.

关 键 词：交通工程 分区段限速 限速区段优化协调模型 高速公路 安全与效率 

分 类 号：U491.2[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]