复合式训练对竞技跳水运动员下肢爆发力影响的实验研究  

Experimental Study on the Effect of Compound Training on the Explosive Force of Lower Limbs of Competitive Diving Athletes

作　　者：郝磊[1] 聂玉弟 韩晓伟 钟秉枢[1] HAO Lei;NIE Yudi;HAN Xiaowei;ZHONG Bingshu(Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China;Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200030,China;Chinese Diving Team,Beijing 100061,China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191 [2]上海体育职业学院,上海200030 [3]中国跳水队,北京100061

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2019年第2期175-181,共7页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划课题"冬残奥越野滑雪;冬季两项与轮椅冰壶项目运动员身体机能特征;专项体能及心理训练的关键技术研究"(2018YFF0300603)

摘　　要：复合式训练是利用激活后增强效应提高肌肉力量和爆发力的训练方法。通过实验探索复合式训练提高跳水运动员下肢爆发力的效果,阐述实施复合式训练的要点。方法:采用复合式训练对上海跳水队6名运动员进行10周、20次的下肢爆发力干预,使用Gym Aware功率测试系统测量训练前后1/4背蹲跳的峰值功率和相对峰值功率,使用软尺测量训练前后屈身跳上跳箱的高度,对相关数据进行分析。结果:受测者的峰值功率、相对峰值功率、屈身跳上跳箱的高度均有显著性提高(P<0.01),部分自选动作得分提高。结论:1)科学的复合式训练方案可以显著提高下肢的爆发力水平;2)提出跳水专项运动员下肢爆发力的复合式训练方案,动作选择、组合结构特征、负荷特征是训练的关键。Compound training is a kind of training method to improve muscle strength and power by using the post-activation potentiation.This paper explores the effect of compound training on improving the power of lower limbs of divers through experiments,and analyzes the key points of compound training.Methods:The power of lower limbs of 6 athletes of Shanghai diving team was intervened for 10 weeks and 20 times with compound training.The peak power and relative peak power of 1/4 back squat jump before and after training were measured with the power test system of Gym Aware.The height of box jump before and after training was measured with the soft tape,and the relevant data were analyzed.Results:The peak power,relative peak power and the height of box jump of subjects were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the scores of some optional movement are improved.Conclusions:1)Scientific compound training plan can significantly improve the power level of lower limbs;and 2)It is proposed that the compound training plan for diver's lower limbs power,movement selection,combination characteristics and load feature are the key points of training.

关 键 词：跳水 复合式训练 爆发力训练 激活后增强效应 

分 类 号：G808.1[文化科学—体育训练]