中国东部地区黑葡萄穗霉(Stachybotrys chartarum)菌多样性分析及其生态位研究  

Analysis and study on the diversity and the species spatial ecology of Stachybotrys chartarum in the eastern part of China

作　　者：钟文文 张海娟 赵志龙 高翠娟[2] 许俊杰 ZHONG Wenwen;ZHANG Haijuan;ZHAO Zhilong;GAO Cuijuan;XU Junjie(Linyi,Shandong 276000,China;College of Life Sciences,Linyi University,Linyi,Shandong 276000,China)

机构地区：[1]临沂大学药学院,山东临沂276000 [2]临沂大学生命科学学院,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《生态科学》2019年第1期79-86,共8页Ecological Science

基　　金：山东省自然基金资助项目(ZR2017LC001;ZR2016P22);国家自然基金项目(31040005);2017年临沂大学大学生创新创业训练项目校级重点项目(201710452024);山东省重点研发计划(2016GSF121019);山东省科技发展计划项目(2010GN-C10928)

摘　　要：黑葡萄穗霉能产生多种毒素,严重影响人类健康和生活,因而受到了科学界广泛关注。从中国东部地区不同生境中,采集261份样品,分离获得丝孢菌13属33种,其中黑葡萄穗霉1142株,对其菌株资源多样性和生态位进行研究,目的是为我国防控黑葡萄穗霉病提供理论指导和资源支持。结果表明:黑葡萄穗霉在纸片、墙壁、石棉板和石膏板中分布较广,其优势度分别为91%、90%、91%和89%;不同生境中其分布数量和丰富度各不相同,物种丰富度最大的是土壤,最小的为石膏板和空气;生态位宽度为4.5138,属于广生态位种;不同生境中其群落相似性系数也各不相同,石膏板和墙壁相似性系数最大为0.7964;与G7黑乌刺霉菌生态位重叠指数最大为0.8989,与其他种类生态位重叠指数较低。黑葡萄穗霉菌在我国东部地区广泛存在,其生态分布、发生规律与生境中纤维素、钙质和湿度有密切关系。Stachybotrys chartarum species can produce various toxins and seriously affect human health and life.Therefore,it has attracted wide attention in the field of sciences.261 samples were collected from different habitats in eastern China,and 33 species of 13 genera were isolated,and 1142 S.chartarum strains were obtained.The diversity and niche of the strains were studied and analyzed,and the purpose was to provide theoretical guidance and resource support for the prevention and control of the diseases that caused by S.chartarum.The results showed that S.chartarum strains was widely distributed in paper,wall,asbestos board and plasterboard,and its dominance was 91%,90%,91% and 89%,respectively.In different habitats,its distribution and richness were different,the species richness of the soil was the largest,and the smallest was that of plasterboard and air.The niche breadth of S.charturum was 4.5138.The coefficient of similarity between the plasterboard and the wall was 0.7964,the maximum overlap index with Memnoniella species was 0.8989,and the overlap index with other species of niche was lower.The pathogen of S.chartarum was widespread in eastern China.Its ecological distribution and occurrence regularity are closely related to cellulose,calcium and humidity in the habitats.

关 键 词：黑葡萄穗霉 生态位 菌株资源 真菌毒素 多样性分析 

分 类 号：S432.42[农业科学—植物病理学]