乡村振兴背景下教育扶贫的困境与治理路径——基于秦巴深度贫困山区的考察  

The Predicament and Governance of Poverty Alleviation through Education under the Rural Revitalization Strategy——An Empirical study based on deep poverty-stricken mountainous areas in Qinba

作　　者：郑娜娜[1] 许佳君[1] ZHENG Na-na;XU Jia-jun(College of Public Management at Hohai University,Nanjing,Jiangsu,210098)

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《教育文化论坛》2019年第1期62-69,137,共9页Tribune of Education Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"国家专项扶贫政策执行的治理结构及其绩效分析"(13CSH087);国家社科基金西部项目"中西部地区农民集中居住过程中的文化适应研究"(13XSH031)

摘　　要：治贫先治愚,扶贫先扶智。教育扶贫作为拔除穷根、阻断贫困代际传递的治本之策,在精准扶贫中具有基础性、先导性和持续性的作用。同时,教育扶贫也是乡村振兴的重要战略保障。立足于秦巴深度贫困山区两河口镇的教育扶贫实践,分析教育扶贫实施过程面临的挑战和困境并提出破解路径。研究发现,该地区通过控辍保学、精准资助、结对帮扶、职教帮扶四大教育扶贫措施进行"造血式扶贫",提升人力资本开发,增强内生发展动力。但教育扶贫也面临着教育资源配置不均衡与扶贫效益不明显、教育精准扶贫瞄准偏离与政策悬浮、教育扶贫主体单一化与扶贫客体被动性的困境。在乡村振兴背景下,强化基础教育和职业教育、厚植人力资本,增加教育投入供给、构建教育精准扶持治理机制,坚持政府主导作用、构建多方扶贫主体参与的教育扶贫格局,为乡村可持续发展提供坚实的人才保障和智力支撑,进而推动乡村振兴。As folly comes the first to be eradicated in poverty alleviation,education is the first remedy for poverty.Poverty alleviation through education,as a solution to eradicate poverty and prevent the transgenerational transmission of poverty,plays a fundamental,guiding and sustainable role in precision poverty alleviation.Meanwhile,poverty alleviation through education is also an important strategic guarantee for rural revitalization.Based on the education poverty alleviation practice in Lianghekou town,a deep poverty-stricken mountainous area of Qinba,this paper analyzes the challenges and predicaments in the course of implementation and provides solutions.The study reveals that the region experiments with“blood generating poverty alleviation”to improve the development of human capital and enhance the dynamics for the endogenous development by adopting such poverty alleviation measures as dropout rate reduction,accurate use of funds,vocational education aid,and pairing support.Nevertheless,education for the purpose of alleviating poverty is faced with predicaments like imbalanced education resource allocation and low efficiency,target deviation and policy suspension as well lack of diversity on the part of the subjects and lack of initiatives on the part of the objects.Within the context of rural revitalization,this paper proposes that solid human resources can be cultivated and achieved to ensure sustainable rural development,and further rural revitalization by consolidating fundamental and vocational education,introducing human capital,increasing education investment,and constructing an education support mechanism while sticking to such a pattern as the government takes the leading role and multiple bodies take an active part.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 教育扶贫 深度贫困 人力资本 贫困文化 

分 类 号：G527[文化科学—教育学] C913[文化科学—教育技术学]