不同温度生物炭对油茶林红壤呼吸作用和酶活性的影响研究  

Effects of Biochar with Different Pyrolytic Temperatures on the Respiration and Enzyme Activities of Red Soil under Oil Tea Forest

作　　者：张桃香 郑钰铟 陈辉 ZHANG Tao-xiang;ZHENG Yu-yin;CHENG Hui(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院福建省油茶工程技术研究中心,福建福州350002

出　　处：《土壤通报》2019年第1期96-102,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"生物炭对红壤中沙门氏菌迁移和滞留的研究"(41501272);福建省教育厅科技项目"生物炭对油茶利用土壤磷的调控"(JK2015015)资助

摘　　要：烧制生物炭是油茶饼粕再利用的一项新措施。以福建油茶林红壤和不同温度(300℃和600℃)烧制的油茶饼粕生物炭为研究对象,在连续120 d微宇宙培养实验基础上,对不同时间土壤样品进行分析,研究生物炭对土壤呼吸作用和酶活性的动态影响。结果表明:施用300℃生物炭显著提高了土壤呼吸速率、脲酶、转化酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,且促进作用主要表现在培养的前30 d,而在整个120 d培养阶段,600℃生物炭对土壤呼吸速率和酶活性均无显著影响。冗余分析表明,土壤有机质和可溶性碳含量是影响红壤微生物呼吸作用和酶活性的最重要因素。综上,生物炭能够提高土壤微生物活性,提高土壤矿质养分有效性。本研究可为油茶饼粕生物炭在改良油茶林土壤方面的应用提供依据。Biochar is a new method for the reuse of oil tea forest waste.The biochar was fired at two Pyrolytic temperatures(300℃and 600℃)and was prepared to investigate the effects of biochar on microbial respiration and enzyme activities in the Red Soil under oil tea forest in greenhouse cultivation experiment for 120 days.The results showed that biochar fired at low temperature(300℃)significantly improved the soil microbial respiration rate and enzyme activities,especially in the early stage of culture(30 days).However,biochar fired at high temperature(600℃)only showed little effect on them,and even inhibited the activities of invertase.Soil organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon were the main control factors of the respiration and enzyme activities of the Red Soil amended with biochar fired at different temperatures.

关 键 词：生物炭 红壤 呼吸作用 脲酶 蔗糖酶 酸性磷酸酶 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]