列车在不同弹性扣件区段车内振动噪声的对比研究  

Interior Vibration and Noise of Trains in the Track Sections with Different Elastic Fasteners

作　　者：谢蓥松 王安斌[1] 戚柳飞 XIE Yingsong;WANG Anbin;QI Liufei(School of Urban Rail Transit, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院,上海201620

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2019年第2期128-133,共6页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会专项资金资助项目(1730501100)

摘　　要：针对地铁A型列车车内振动噪声进行研究,分析不同弹性扣件对车内振动和噪声的影响,通过研究车体结构和国内外规范,对A型地铁车辆车内关键位置处的振动噪声进行多次测量,获得在普通扣件区段和弹性扣件区段列车内部的振动加速度和噪声,运用振动加速度级和声压级以及1/3倍频程分析不同弹性扣件对车内振动噪声影响。结果表明:车内不同位置处振动噪声差别较大,车厢两端部振动噪声大于车厢中部振动噪声;车内振动噪声峰值频率大多出现在125 Hz、160 Hz、200 Hz左右;扣件系统弹性变化不会影响车内振动噪声峰值频率和3 150 Hz以上高频段振动噪声;普通扣件刚度是弹性扣件刚度2倍左右时,在100 Hz至2 000 Hz范围内,列车在弹性扣件地段时车内噪声声压级比在普通扣件地段时大,差值约为2 dB至5 dB,在315 Hz至2 000 Hz范围内,列车在弹性扣件地段时车内振动加速度级比在普通扣件地段时大,差值约为6 dB至10 d B;在弹性扣件区段时的Z振级比在普通扣件区段时大,但在弹性扣件区段时X振级反而低于在普通扣件区段时的值。The influences of different elastic fasteners on the interior vibration and noise in type A metro car are studied. According to the domestic and international standards about the vehicle structure, the interior vibration and noise of the A-type metro car traveling in general and elastic fastener sections are tested. Then, the influences of different elastic fasteners on the interior vibration and noise are analyzed by using different vibration acceleration level, sound pressure level and 1 / 3 octave. The results show that the vehicle interior vibration and noise at different positions are quite different, and the vibration and noise at both ends of the car are larger than that in the middle. The peak frequencies of the vehicle vibration and noise are concentrated at 125 Hz, 160 Hz and 200 Hz. Elasticity change of the fastener system has little influence on the interior vibration and noise peak frequencies and the vibration noise above 3 150 Hz frequency. When the stiffness of the general fastener is 2 times of the elastic fastener, the A-weighted sound level in the range of 100 Hz-2 000 Hz in the elastic fastener section is larger than that in general fastener section, and the difference is about 2 dB-5 dB. In the range of 315 Hz-2 000 Hz, the vibration acceleration level in elastic fastener section is also larger than that in general fastener section, and the difference is about 6 dB-10 dB. The vibration level in the Z-direction in elastic fastener section is higher than that in general fastener section, while the vibration level in the X-direction in elastic fastener section is lower than that in the general fastener section.

关 键 词：振动与波 弹性扣件 振动噪声 声压级 Z 振级 1/3 倍频程分析 

分 类 号：U260.143[机械工程—车辆工程] U467.493[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]