CRISPR/Cas系统在抗病毒研究中的应用  

Application of the CRISPR/Cas System in Antivirus Research

作　　者：于楠楠 闫洪波 张香美 YU Nan-Nan;YAN Hong-Bo;ZHANG Xiang-Mei(Laboratary of Probiotics Application Research, College of Biology Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, China)

机构地区：[1]河北经贸大学生物科学与工程学院益生菌应用研究室,石家庄050061

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2019年第4期393-398,共6页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31471707);河北经贸大学基金(No.2015KYZ02)项目资助~~

摘　　要：近年来,CRISPR/Cas系统因其效率高、靶向性强、易操作等优势,已被广泛应用于多种病毒研究中。本文首先简单介绍了CRISPR/Cas系统的分类,并比较了Cas9和Cas12a与Cas13a的特点;其次重点介绍了CRISPR/Cas9通过靶向破坏病毒基因组,或编辑宿主关于病毒生命周期的关键因子的策略在抗病毒方面的各种应用,CRISPR/Cas13a采用靶向破坏病毒基因组方法在抗病毒中的应用,以及CRISPR/Cas12a和CRISPR/Cas13a在病毒基因检测中的应用。最后讨论了CRISPR/Cas在病毒研究中面临的挑战,并讨论了CRISPR/Cas12a作为抗病毒工具的潜在应用前景。由于CRISPR/Cas系统自身的优势,预计该系统将会给病毒相关的疾病诊断和控制带来革命性的变化。In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas system has been widely applied in various virus research due to its high efficiency, targeting specificity and easy operation. In this review, we first introduce the development of the CRISPR/Cas system briefly, and compare the Cas9 system with Cas12a and Cas13a. We then emphasize on the review of the specific application of CRISPR/Cas9 in defensing viruses by target modifying viral genes or host key factors of the viral life cycle, and the application of CRISPR/Cas13a in defensing viruses by target modifying viral genes, and the application of CRISPR/Cas12a and CRISPR/Cas13a in viral gene detection. Finally, we discuss the challenges of CRISPR/Cas application in virus research and the potential applications of CRISPR/Cas12a as an antiviral tool. We believe that the CRISPR/Cas system will bring revolutionary changes to the diagnosis and control of virus-related diseases.

关 键 词：CRISPR/Cas 病毒 病毒基因组 宿主因子 基因检测 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]