龙的多维层面与中华民族共同体的形成  

The Multidimensional Levels of the Dragon and the Formation of Community for the Chinese Nation

作　　者：向柏松[1] Xiang Baisong

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学文学与新闻传播学院

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2019年第3期24-31,共8页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"中国神话活态传承形式与民族文化记忆研究"(15BZW185)阶段性成果

摘　　要：龙的发展历程,与中华民族多元融合的历史进程同步,而且还有力地促进了中华民族共同体的形成与发展。龙本是农业文明的产物,随着农业生产方式从中原向四周的辐射,遂成为中华大地共同信仰的水神。在民族、国家形成过程中,龙成为至高无上的神灵,被视为神话传说中三皇五帝的化身,以三皇五帝为人文先祖的中华儿女,共同以龙的传人自居。节日文化中的龙仪式,最能展现龙的精神与活力,在各民族普遍流行,成为中华民族共同体最鲜活的见证。龙作为一种由鱼、蛇、鳄、牛、马、猪、羊、鸟等动物和云雾、雷电、虹霓等自然天象的局部特征模糊集合为一体而产生的神物,在不同时代、不同地域、不同民族也会发生变形、置换,但其基本含义与原型特征始终以文化基因的形式不断传承,体现了中华民族共同体多元一体的构成特征。The development of the dragon is contemporaneous with the historical process of the pluralistic integration of the Chinese nation, which have effectively promoted the formation and development of community for the Chinese nation. The dragon is the product of agricultural civilization, as modes of agricultural production radiate from the Central Plains to surrounding areas, it gradually becomes the water deity of the common faith of China. In the process of the formation of the nation and the country, the dragon turns into the paramount deity, and is regarded as the incarnation of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors in the myths and legends, the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation treat the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors as humanity ancestors, and consider themselves as descendants of the dragon. The dragon rituals in the festival culture can best show the spirit and vitality of the dragon,and are popular among all ethnic groups, become the most vivid testimony of community for the Chinese nation. The dragon is the deity which vaguely combines the local features of a fish, a snake, a crocodile, a cattle, a horse, a pig, a goat, a bird and other animals with the cloud and mist, the thunder and lightning, the rainbow and other natural phenomena, in different eras, regions and nationalities, it also undergoes deformation and replacement, but its basic meanings and prototype features always inherit in the form of cultural genes, reflecting the forming features of the pluralistic integration of community for the Chinese nation.

关 键 词：龙 中华民族 共同体 多元一体 

分 类 号：K276.5[历史地理—历史学]