叶面喷硒对沾化冬枣富硒及品质的影响  

Effects of foliar selenium spay on selenium content and fruit quality of Zhanhua Jujube(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao)

作　　者：王清华[1] 井大炜[2] 杜振宇[1] 马海林[1] 马春艳 马丙尧[1] 刘方春[1] WANG Qinghua;JING Dawei;DU Zhenyu;MA Hailin;MA Chunyan;MA Bingyao;LIU Fangchun(Shandong Academy of Forestry,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China;Dezhou University,Dezhou 253023,Shandong,China;Forestry Technology Service Center,Rizhao 276800,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省林业科学研究院,山东济南250014 [2]德州学院,山东德州253023 [3]山东省日照市林业技术服务中心,山东日照276800

出　　处：《经济林研究》2019年第2期23-28,共6页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目“冬枣品质提升关键技术研究”(2015GNC111010)

摘　　要：硒是人体必需的微量元素,食用富硒农产品是最安全有效的补硒途径。冬枣是天然的含硒植物,增施硒肥可以提高冬枣果实中硒的含量。为了筛选出适于冬枣的高效叶面施硒方案,从而给冬枣安全有效地施用硒肥提供理论依据和技术指导,于沾化冬枣果实膨大期,在其叶面一次性地喷施了不同含硒量(0、25、50、100、200mg·L^-1)的亚硒酸钠溶液,就不同浓度的喷硒处理对冬枣果实中的硒含量、硒有机化程度及果实品质的影响情况进行了试验研究。结果表明:当硒的处理浓度≥50mg·L^-1时,冬枣果实中硒的总含量快速增加;随着喷硒浓度的升高,果实中硒的有机化比率呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,各喷硒处理中,以硒含量≥50mg·L^-1的喷硒处理的有机化程度为最高。不同施硒量对冬枣果实品质的作用效果也不尽相同,硒含量为50mg·L^-1的喷硒处理对果实品质的改善效果最佳,此处理的冬枣果实其可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C、总黄酮的含量和糖酸比均达到了最高值,较对照分别显著提高了17.06%、22.66%、12.25%、29.17%和34.34%;然而,叶面施硒对冬枣果实中可滴定酸和总三萜酸的含量却均无显著影响。综合分析认为,在果实膨大期一次性地叶面喷施含硒量为50mg·L^-1的亚硒酸钠溶液是生产富硒冬枣的较佳措施。Selenium (Se) is one of the essential microelements for human body.Eating Se-enriched agricultural products is an effective and the safest way to take in Se.Zhanhua Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.cv.Dongzao) is a natural Se-enriched plant,and Se fertilizer application could enhance Se content in fruit.In order to screen a high effective plan suitable for foliar spraying Se fertilizer,and to provide some theoretical and technical references for safe and effective Se fertilizer application for Zhanhua Jujube,effects of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) solutions at different Se contents (0,25,50,100 and 200 mg·L^-1) on Se content,organic Se ratio and quality of jujube fruits were researched by using the method of one-time foliar spay at fruit expanding period.The results indicated that total Se content in fruit was increased rapidly when Se concentration was more than 50 mg·L^-1.Organic Se ratio presented a variation tendency of rising firstly and then declining with increase of Se concentration,and the maximum value appeared when Se concentration was more than 50 mg·L^-1.Effects of different Se concentrations were inconsistent on fruit quality. The treatment of 50 mg·L^-1 Se concentration performed the best effects on improving fruit quality,and the maximum of soluble solids content,soluble sugar content,vitamin C content,total flavone content and sugar-acid ratio were observed,which were significant increased by 17.06%,22.66%,12.25%,29.17% and 34.34% compared with the control, respectively.However,foliar Se application had no significant effects on contents of titratable acid and total triterpenic acids in fruits.The results of comprehensive analysis suggested that foliar spay of Na2SeO3 solution (50 mg·L^-1 Se) at fruit expanding period was a good method of producing Se-enriched Zhanhua Jujube.

关 键 词：沾化冬枣 叶面喷施 亚硒酸钠 硒含量 有机硒 品质 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]