教育错配对工资的影响:来自CFPS的新证据  

The Impact of Educational Mismatches on Wages: New Evidence from CFPS

作　　者：江求川[1] JIANG Qiuchuan(School of Business,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学商学院

出　　处：《当代经济科学》2019年第3期118-128,共11页Modern Economic Science

摘　　要：从资源配置效率的角度看,教育错配是劳动力资源配置效率低下的一种表现。本文利用中国家庭追踪调查数据研究了中国劳动力市场中的教育错配发生率,并借助异方差构造工具变量的思路估计了教育错配对劳动者工资的影响。研究发现,中国劳动力市场中存在比较普遍的垂直型教育错配现象;随着劳动者教育程度的提高,过度教育的发生率越来越高,在大专学历以上的劳动者当中有50%左右为过度教育;总体过度教育和教育不足发生率分别为37.8%和20%。其他条件相同时,过度教育的劳动者遭受到显著的工资惩罚,平均工资比恰好匹配的劳动者低22.7%;教育不足的劳动者获得一定工资溢价,平均工资比恰好匹配的劳动者高16.5%。From the perspective of efficient resource allocation, educational mismatch may suggest evidence for inefficiencies in the labor market. In this paper, we estimate the incidence rate of educational mismatch and investigate the impact of educational mismatch on wages in China. Our empirical analysis, based on data from China Family Panel Studies(CFPS), indicate that vertical educational mismatch is a common phenomenon in the China’s labor market. As workers become more educated, the incidence of vertical mismatch becomes higher. Specifically, the results show that 51.24% of college graduates are overeducated and the incidence rate of over-education and under-education in overall labor market is 37.8% and 20% respectively. To estimate the causal influence of educational mismatch, we solve the problem of endogeneity of the education and educational mismatches by method of using heteroscedasticity to identification. We find that over-educated individuals earn 22.7% less than individuals with similar levels of education but match with their job requirement. We also find evidence of under-education wage premium. Relative to workers with the same level of education, under-educated individuals earn 16.5% more than matched individuals.

关 键 词：劳动力市场 教育错配 过度教育 教育不足 工资 工具变量 倾向得分匹配 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学] F249.24[文化科学—教育技术学]