福建寿宁野生茶树种质资源叶片和花粉微形态观察  

Micromorphology of Leaves and Pollens of Wild Tea (Camellia sinensis) Germplasms from Shouning,Fujian

作　　者：樊晓静 于文涛[2] 刘登勇 卢明基 郑洁[2] 陈晓岚 魏明秀 林浥 叶乃兴[1] FAN Xiao-jing;YU Wen-tao;LIU Deng-yong;LU Ming-ji;ZHENG Jie;CHEN Xiao-lan;WEI Ming-xiu;LIN Yi;YE Nai-xing(College of Horticulture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Tea Science in Universities of Fujian Province Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Fujian Key Laboratory for Technology Research of Inspection and Quarantine,Inspection and Quarantine Technical Centre,Fujian Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,Fuzhou,Fujian 350001,China;Tea Authority in Shouning County,Shouning,Fujian 355500,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园艺学院/茶学福建省高校重点实验室,福建福州350002 [2]福建出入境检验检疫局检验检疫技术中心/福建省检验检疫技术研究重点实验室,福建福州350001 [3]寿宁县茶业管理局,福建寿宁355500

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2019年第3期298-305,共8页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省“2011协同创新中心”中国乌龙茶产业协同创新中心专项(闽教科[2015]75号);福建检验检疫局科技计划项目(FK2017-06);寿宁茶树品质资源鉴定与利用研究(CZ2018184)

摘　　要：【目的】观察福建寿宁野生茶树种质资源叶片和花粉的微形态,为茶树野生种质资源发掘、鉴定提供参考依据。【方法】以福鼎大白茶为对照,利用冷场发射扫描电镜对4份福建寿宁野生茶树种质资源叶片和花粉微形态特征进行观察,对茶树叶片气孔、茸毛和花粉极轴长、赤道轴长等进行数据统计及分析。【结果】4份野生茶树种质的叶片叶上表皮纹饰有平展型、皱脊型、波浪型3种;叶片下表皮气孔皆为长卵形,具异性气孔(腺鳞)且气孔密度相对栽培种较小;茸毛长度为(280.75±107.65)^(616.95±132.52)μm,且不同种长度差异明显,茸毛纹饰皆为平滑型;不同于栽培种,野生茶树种质资源叶片茸毛表层均有脱落现象。4份野生茶树花粉均具三孔沟,属N3P4C5类型,其花粉大小在(427.69±153.94)^(1205.07±237.80)μm^2,皆小于福鼎大白茶。花粉极面观有近圆形和三裂近三角形2种,赤道面观各不相同,花粉形状有超长球形和近球形2种,花粉纹饰均为疣状。【结论】4份野生茶树和福鼎大白茶的叶片和花粉微形态特征有一定的共性和特异性。【Objective】 Foliar and pollen micromorphology of wild tea germplasms from Shouning,Fujian was examined and recorded for references on the natural resource.【Method】 Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to observe the micro-structures of the leaves and pollens of 4 tea germplasms collected from Shouning. Twelve morphological characteristics on the leaves and 10 on the pollens were obtained for analysis.【Result】The leaf-surface stomates of these plants were oval in shape with glandular scales less densely scattered than the cultivated cultivars. The trichome lengths ranged between(280.75±107.65)μm and (616.95±132.52)μm with significant differences among the germplasms. The surface of trichome was smooth. The adaxial epidermal wax ornamentation was either flat,wrinkled or wavy in appearance. The pollens were all tricolporate of the N3P4C5 type with a size in between (427.69±153.94)μm 2 and (1205.07±237.80)μm^2 ,which was smaller than those of Fudingdabaicha tea. They had two kinds of polar view,suborbicular and trifid subtriangular;their equatorial views differed;their shapes,ellipsoid or subsphaeroidal;and,their ornamentations,verrucate. As compared to Fudingdabaicha,the 4 wild germplasms had certain distinct foliar and pollen micromorphological characteristics,which could serve for the differentiation of the species.

关 键 词：野生茶树 种质资源 寿宁县 叶片 花粉 微形态 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]