典型工况下动车组设备舱气动载荷与损伤规律  

Aerodynamic Load and Fatigue Damage Law of EMU Equipment Cabin under Typical Working Conditions

作　　者：张一喆 李强[1] 何德华 Zhang Yizhe;Li Qiang;He Dehua(Key Laboratory of Vehicle Advanced Manufacturing, Measuring and Control Technology of Ministry of Education,Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China;Locomotive and Car Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing 100081, China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学载运工具先进制造与测控技术教育部重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司机车车辆研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《机械科学与技术》2019年第6期942-946,共5页Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题项目(2016YFB1200403);车体、设备舱及转向架疲劳可靠性研究项目(2016YFB1200505-011)资助

摘　　要：京广高铁武广段运用的CRH-3C型高速动车组设备舱内支架、裙板吊挂等焊缝位置以及其它应力集中点常有疲劳裂纹出现,而该现象在京津城际上运用的同型号动车组中却比较罕见。针对这种现象,考虑是武广段大量的隧道群所致。为了对此进行验证,在某动车组设备舱内裙、底板布置了大量气压和应变传感器,在沪昆高铁南昌西-宜春段进行了不同速度下大量的隧道通过、交会等典型工况测试,获得了丰富的气动载荷和动应力数据。以此试验为基础,对若干工况下,关键位置气动载荷和动应力的变化规律进行研究发现,伴随气压幅值突变,大多位置应力水平均有提高,裙板中央以及靠近车头的前部底板等处尤为明显。上述结论对武广段的CRH-3C型动车组设备舱疲劳破坏现象给出了合理解释,并对今后基于不同线路特点,有针对性的动车组型号选择和设备舱结构的优化设计提供了建议。The CRH-3C high-speed EMU running on the Wuhan-Guangzhou section of the Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed railway has been found fatigue cracks in the frame, elevator of skirt plate and other stress concentration points of equipment cabin. But this phenomenon is seldom found in same type EMUs running on the Beijing-Tianjin intercity high-speed railway. The reason is considered to be caused by a large number of tunnel groups in the Wuhan-Guangzhou section. In order to verify this idea, a group of air pressure and strain sensors were mounted in the skirt plate and bottom plate of an EMU equipment cabin. The EMU train was tested in the Nanchang West-Yichun section of the Shanghai-Kunming high-speed railway to acquire aerodynamic load and dynamic stress data under typical conditions, including tunnel driving and meeting zones, etc. According to this test, the variation of aerodynamic loads and dynamic stresses at key positions under several working conditions were analyzed. The results show that there often occurs sudden change of the air pressure amplitude while entering a tunnel or meeting in a tunnel and result in increased stress level of most positions, especially in the center of skirt plate and the bottom plate near the front. The analysis result gives a reasonable explanation for the fatigue failure phenomenon of CRH-3C EMU equipment cabin in Wuhan-Guangzhou section, as well as provides suggestions for the selection of EMU models based on different railway characteristics, and optimization design of equipment cabin structure.

关 键 词：动车组 设备舱 工况 气动载荷 应力 疲劳损伤 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]