破除“结构性悖论”:我国公立高等学校法律地位的再认识  

Elimination of "Structural Paradox":Re-understanding of the Legal Status of Chinese Public Colleges and Universities

作　　者：姚荣[1] Yao Rong

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院

出　　处：《江苏高教》2019年第6期51-60,共10页Jiangsu Higher Education

基　　金：全国教育科学规划2018年度国家青年课题“高等教育质量保障的法律规制研究(课题批准号:CIA180271)”

摘　　要：长期以来,中国公立高等学校作为行政主体、行政相对人以及民事主体的法律地位,存在"发育"不充分与过度发展并存的"结构性悖论"。它显著表现为公立高校的"办学权利"不足,而其"民事权利"却过度扩张。破除这一"结构性悖论",必须仔细辨识公立高校与政府、教师、学生以及私主体(如企业)之间法律关系的复杂性与特殊性。一方面,关注公立高校作为行政主体的特殊性,促进国家监督、高校自治与师生权益保障的动态平衡。另一方面,厘清公立高校作为行政相对人的特殊性,将政府高等教育评估权以及学位授权点审核等教育行政规制纳入合法性监控的范畴,以保障学术自由与高校自治。最后,当公立高校作为民事主体时,其权利能力的确认须辨识其与办学宗旨的关联性。应在坚持"最低限度经费配备原则"基础上,限缩公立高校从事与办学宗旨无关行为的民事权利能力。For a long time, there are "structural paradoxes" in the legal status of Chinese public colleges and universities as administrative subject, relative subjects in administration and the civil subject, in which "developmental" insufficiency and over-development coexist. To get rid of this "structural paradox", we must carefully recognize the complexity and particularity of legal relations between public universities and government, teachers, students and private entities(such as enterprises). On the one hand, we should pay attention to the peculiarity of public colleges and universities as the administrative subject, and promote the dynamic balance between state supervision, autonomy of colleges and universities and the protection of the rights and interests of teachers and students. On the other hand, we should clarify the peculiarity of public colleges and universities as the relative subjects in administration, and include these educational administrative regulations such as the evaluation of higher education and degree authorization approval into the scope of legitimacy monitoring so as to ensure academic freedom and autonomy of colleges and universities. Finally, when public colleges and universities act as the civil subjects, the confirmation of their capability needs to recognize its relevance to the purpose of running the school. Their ability to engage in civil rights, which is not related to the purpose of running the school, should be limited based on the principle of "minimum fund allocation".

关 键 词：公立高校 法律地位 “结构性悖论” 学术自由 高校自治 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学]