东北亚熊祭及其与满族家祭的比较研究  

A Comparative Study of Bear Sacrifice Practiced by the Northeast Asian Peoples and Family Sacrifice of the Manchu People

作　　者：长山[1] 阿拉腾[1] Shan Chai;Alatei

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学满族语言文化研究中心

出　　处：《世界民族》2019年第3期80-88,共9页Journal of World Peoples Studies

摘　　要：东北亚民族“饲养型熊祭”与满族以养猪为牺牲物的家祭,不仅在祭祀要素的准备上具有相同的特点,而且在祭祀过程的行为与思维模式上具有高度的一致性。在吸收满族先民动物饲养理念的同时,东北亚民族的熊祭祀仪式也影响了满族的家祭仪式。早期东北亚地区民族之间的交流纷繁复杂,各种文化因素陈陈相因,形成一个独特的文化区域。阿依努人的熊祭与满族家祭的相通性就是在东北亚各民族文化交流与影响过程中形成的。The rituals of the Northeast Asian peoples to"sacrifice raised bears for ancestor worship"and Manchu people’s "sacrificing domesticated pigs for ancestor worship"share not only similarities in preparing the sacrifice,but also a high conformity in behavioral pattern and thinking mode during the process. The ancestors of the Manchu people had greatly influenced the Northeast Asian peoples in their concepts of animal raising,while the latter’s bear sacrifice had also influenced the family sacrifice of the Manchu people. In ancient times,the peoples living in Northeast Asia had frequent communications and cultural exchanges,with their respective cultures getting intermingled,thus giving birth to a unique regional culture. The similarity between bear sacrifice practiced by Northeast Asian peoples like the Ainu and the Manchu people’s pig sacrifice is the outcome of cultural contacts and exchanges among the peoples living in the region.

关 键 词：东北亚民族 熊祭 满族 家祭 

分 类 号：B933[哲学宗教—宗教学]