4～6岁农村留守儿童心理行为问题检出率及影响因素分析  

Analysis of incidence and influencing factors of psychological behavior problems of left-behind children aged 4-6 in rural areas

作　　者：周玉明[1] 戚艳杰[1] 张之霞[1] 何凡[1] 郑毅[1] ZHOU Yu-ming;QI Yan-jie;ZHANG Zhi-xia;HE Fan;ZHENG Yi(The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders,Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders,Beijing Anding Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京安定医院

出　　处：《临床精神医学杂志》2019年第3期157-160,共4页Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2012BAI01B02)

摘　　要：目的:探讨农村4~6岁留守儿童心理行为问题检出率及影响因素。方法:于2015年10月至12月采用分层随机方法抽取江西修水县与贵州遵义县各3个乡有4~6岁儿童的家庭的养护人进行问卷调查,总共调查1096人,其中留守儿童组585人,非留守儿童组511人。调查内容包括一般人口学资料、家庭信息、家庭健康状况及Achenbach儿童行为量表。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析留守儿童心理行为异常的相关因素。结果:留守组心理行为问题检出率25.0%,高于非留守组18.6%(P<0.05)。留守组社交问题发生率23.6%,违纪行为发生率12.0%及攻击行为发生率20.5%均高于非留守组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,父母双方都外出、母亲年龄<26岁或>39岁、母孕期用药、幼儿园入学、学习困难得不到帮助、家庭关系不和睦会增加心理行为异常的风险,而母亲具有初中及以上文化程度是保护因素(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:4~6岁农村留守儿童心理行为问题检出率较非留守儿童高,危险因素主要有母孕期用药、学习困难得不到帮助、已经入学、家庭关系不和睦等。Objective: To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of psychological behaviors of left-behind children aged 4-6 in rural areas. Method:From October to December 2015,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 096 caregivers of families with children aged 4 to 6 in three townships of each county(two counties including Xiushui county of Jiangxi province and Zunyi county of Guizhou province).585 were in the left-behind children group and 511 were in the non-left-behind children group among these caregivers.The questionnaire includes general demographic data,family information,family health status and Achenbach Child Behavior Scale.Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of the abnormal psychological behavior of left-behind children. Results:The incidence of psychological behavior problems in the left-behind group was higher than that of the non-left-behind group(25.0% vs 18.6%;P<0.05).The incidences of social problems,disciplinary behavior and aggressive behavior in the left-behind group were 23.6%,12.0% and 20.5%,which were higher than those in the non-left-behind group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Logistic regression results showed that both parents going out,maternal age <26 y or >39 y,maternal medication,entering a school,learning difficulties without help and family relationship disharmony were risk factors for abnormal psychological behaviors(P<0.05 or P<0.01).However,mother with a junior high school or above educational level was a protective factor(P<0.05). Conclusion:The incidence of psychological behavior problems of left-behind children aged 4-6 years is higher than that of non-left-behind children.The main risk factors are taking medication during pregnancy,difficulty in learning without help,access to school,and disharmony in family relationships.

关 键 词：农村留守儿童 心理行为异常 影响因素 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]