车轮次表面裂纹力学特性分析  

Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Subsurface Crack of Wheell

作　　者：魏云鹏[1,3] 吴亚平 段志东[1] 王良璧[2] WEI Yun-peng;WU Ya-ping;DUAN Zhi-dong;WANG Liang-bi(School of Civil Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;School of Mechatronic Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;School of Civil Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学土木工程学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,兰州730070 [3]青海大学土木工程学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《兰州交通大学学报》2019年第3期58-63,共6页Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(51236003)

摘　　要：为了研究车轮次表面裂纹的力学特性,利用ANSYS软件建立了轮轨接触的有限元模型,分析了车轮纯滚动时裂纹尖端应力随车轮运动时的变化规律,研究了轮轨蠕滑系数对裂纹尖端应力的影响.结果表明:当裂纹位于轮轨接触区域上方时,裂纹尖端的von Mises应力和切应力变化十分剧烈,其值分别是无裂纹时的3.2倍和21.7倍;在轮轨初始接触时,最大von Mises应力不是发生在裂纹尖端,而是出现在裂纹尖端的后方位置处;裂纹尖端von Mises应力和切应力峰值随着轮轨蠕滑系数的增大而逐渐增大.研究结果显示车轮次表面裂纹对应力影响很大,因而在车轮制造及检测中要密切关注裂纹状态,以防发生事故.The main goal of this article is to research the mechanical characteristics of subsurface crack of wheel.The finite element model of wheel rail contact is firstly established through ANSYS.The relationship between crack tip stress and wheel motion is analyzed when the wheel is in pure rolling state.At the same time,the influence of creep ratio on the stress of crack tip is studied.The calculation results indicate that the von Mises stress and shear stress at the crack tip change sharply when the crack passes over the wheel rail contact area,and the von Mises stress and shear stress is respectively 3.2 times and 21.7 times as large as the results obtained from the wheel without crack.At the initial contact moment, the maximum von Mises stress does not occur at the crack tip,but appears behind the crack tip.The maximum von Mises stress and shear stress at the crack tip gradually increase with the growth of creep ratio.The research results show that the subsurface crack of wheel has a great influence on the stress.Therefore,it is necessary to pay more attention to the crack state in wheel manufacturing and inspecting in order to prevent accidents.

关 键 词：轮轨接触 裂纹 应力 蠕滑系数 有限元 

分 类 号：U211.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] TH117.2[机械工程—机械设计及理论]