论方东美对《周易》与原始儒家关系的阐释  

On Fang Dongmei’s Interpretation of the Intimate Relationship between the Book of Changes and the Original Confucianism

作　　者：李志鹏 LI Zhi-peng

机构地区：[1]山西大学哲学社会学学院

出　　处：《周易研究》2019年第2期57-64,共8页Studies of Zhouyi

摘　　要：方东美在易学研究过程中秉持《书》《易》并重的儒学立场、以易为史的诠释路径以及高扬生命与价值双重维度的三大诠释方法,将《易经》视作一部揭示历史发展规律的历史文献,而将《易传》视作一部发扬生命与价值精神的哲学文献;在孔子与《周易》的关系问题上,方东美依据司马迁的记载,确认了孔子对《易传》的著作权,并进一步认为孔子通过对《易经》"天人合德"式的哲学解读,逐步建构起儒家的形而上学体系;通过对《中庸》所做的人文主义解读,方东美还原了原始儒家的"哲学人类学",借此打通了"继善成性"的《周易》精神与"参赞化育"的《中庸》精神;孟子进一步将《中庸》"参赞化育"的精神拔高为"大化冥合"的境界,方东美认为这恰恰实现了《周易》与《孟子》的深度互动并确认了孟子在传易谱系中的地位;方东美创造性地挖掘了荀子思想中"天人合一"的潜在因素,并认为荀子发扬了人的"戡天役物"的精神,完成了《荀子》与《周易》的贯通。In his research on the Book of Changes,Fang Dongmei(1899-1977) showed his Confucianism through his three hermeneutic approaches of equally valuing the Classic of History and the Yi jing,regarding the basic text of the Yi jing as a historical book,and advocating both life and value.He viewed the basic text of the Yi jing as a historical document revealing the law of historical development,and the Yi zhuan(Commentaries on the Changes) as a philosophical document promoting the spirit of life and value.As for the relationship between Confucius and the Book of Changes,Fang Dongmei affirmed the authorship of the Yi zhuan by Confucius based on Sima Qian’s(145-90 BCE) Historical Records.He further contended that,through Confucius’ s philosophical exploration of the unity of Heaven and Humans conceived in the Yi jing,the Confucian metaphysical system had been gradually established.Through his humanistic interpretation of the Doctrine of the Mean,Fang Dongmei restored the philosophical anthropology of original Confucianism,by which he integrated the spirit of ji shan cheng xing(succeeding goodness and completing human nature) in the Yi jing and the spirit of can zan hua yu(participating in the transformation and nourishment of Heaven and Earth) in the Doctrine of the Mean.Mencius(372-289 BCE) elevated the spirit of can zan hua yu to the state of da hua ming he(great transformation and unseen unity),which,from Fang Dongmei’s perspectives,precisely realized deep interaction between the Yi jing and the Doctrine of the Mean and confirmed Mencius’ s position in the lineage of Changes scholarship.Finally,Fang Dongmei creatively explored the potential "unity of Heaven and Humans" in Xun zi’s(313-238 BCE) thought.In addition,Fang averred that Xun zi developed the human spirit of transforming nature,which achieved the fusion of Xun zi’s thought and the philosophy conceived in the Book of Changes.

关 键 词：方东美 《周易》哲学 原始儒家 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B26