温带山地森林强风致灾的影响因子分析——以长白山风灾区为例  

Analysis of wind disturbance-inducing factors in temperate forest:a case of typhoon disturbed area in Changbai Mountain

作　　者：高翔 张英洁 许嘉巍 靳英华 郭笑怡 陶岩 胡睿 韩莹莹 白云玉 王慧赟 GAO Xiang;ZHANG Ying-jie;XU Jia-wei;JIN Ying-hua;GUO Xiao-yi;TAO Yan;HU Rui;HAN Ying-ying;BAI Yun-yu;WANG Hui-yun(School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University ,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学地理科学学院

出　　处：《东北师大学报（自然科学版）》2019年第2期130-139,共10页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41571078,41171072);长白山科学研究院开放基金资助项目(201501);吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术项目(JJKH20170916KJ);长白山资源与生物多样性吉林省联合重点实验室资助项目

摘　　要：利用长白山风灾前(1985年)和风灾后(1987年)的遥感影像,提取了1986年台风维拉在长白山西南坡森林中形成的风灾迹地,并解译出风灾迹地上风灾前的植被类型;利用长白山DEM数据,提取风灾迹地海拔、坡度和坡向地形因子数据,分析了风灾迹地的空间分布特征,揭示了长白山风灾迹地形成格局与地形因子和植被类型的相关性.结果表明:(1)坡度是最主要的致灾因子,风灾迹地大部分位于15°以下坡度较为平缓的地区,占总面积的75.03%.(2)海拔的影响也较强烈,风灾迹地主要分布在海拔1 350~1 700m的范围内,占总面积的67.84%.(3)温带森林类型的影响不大,针阔混交林、常绿针叶林和岳桦林中均有风灾迹地分布.不同林型的抗风性能有所差异:针阔混交林>岳桦林>常绿针叶林.(4)局地坡向的作用最弱,在迎风坡的西南坡、西坡和西北坡风灾迹地占比略大,分别占总面积的13.35%,12.11%,17.24%.因此,在强风干扰下温带山地森林区的主要致灾因子为坡度和海拔.In this study,Landsat images in 1985 and 1987 were used to extract the wind disturbance area,where was disturbed by Typhoon Vera in 1986 in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve.The vegetation types of pre-wind disturbance were interpreted using Landsat imagery in 1985.The elevation,slope,and aspect derived from Digital Elevation Model were used to reveal topographical characteristic in the wind disturbed area.The spatial distribution pattern of the wind disturbed area was analyzed.Meanwhile,the relationship between the wind disturbed pattern and topographic and vegetation types were discussed.The results showed that slope was the most important factor for the wind disturbance.Most of the wind disturbed area was located in relatively gentle slope where was smaller than 15° with accounting for 75.03% of the disturbed area.The spatial pattern was also strong impacted by elevation.The wind disturbed area was mainly distributed in the range of 1 350~1 700 m above sea level with accounting for 67.84% of disturbed area.There was no difference for various temperate forest types.The wind disturbed area was widely distributed in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,coniferous forest,and Betula ermanii forest.However,the resistance of various forest types was different:coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forestBetula ermanii forestconiferous forest.The impact of aspect was the weakest for wind disturbed area.The wind disturbed area was mainly distributed at southwest,western and northwest aspect with accounting for 13.35%,12.11%,and 17.24% of the disturbed area,respectively.Therefore,the main disturbance-inducing factors in temperate mountain forest area under strong wind disturbance are slope and elevation.

关 键 词：温带山地森林区 风灾迹地 致灾影响因子 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]