食物中藻类毒素污染及暴露风险研究进展  

Contamination and exposure risk of algal toxins in foods

作　　者：陈露 马良[1,2] 谭红霞 刘微 周鸿媛[1] 张宇昊[1,2] 郭婷[1] CHEN Lu;MA Liang;TAN Hongxia;LIU Wei;ZHOU Hongyuan;ZHANG Yuhao;GUO Ting(College of Food Science,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Biological Science Research Center,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学食品科学学院,重庆400715 [2]西南大学,生物科学研究中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2019年第12期272-278,共7页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：重庆市基础科学与前沿技术研究项目(cstc2018jcyj A0939);重庆市技术创新与应用示范项目(cstc2018jscx-msybX0204);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(SWU118088)

摘　　要：分析藻类毒素在不同食物中可能的污染类型、暴露水平、污染风险等。通过大量文献调研从藻类毒素的毒性、危害、污染情况、限量标准以及暴露风险等方面对不同食物中主要存在的藻毒素进行系统阐述和分析。目前报道显示海产品中藻毒素以贝类毒素的暴露频率较高,尤以软骨藻酸的暴露水平最大(>1.0×10^5μg/kg)。其他非海产食物中,微囊藻毒素的污染范围和污染程度最大,在淡水产品、农作物、藻类食品膳食补充剂等食品中都有相关报道;此外,藻类食品膳食补充剂中暴露频率相对较高的藻毒素是类毒素-a,最大暴露水平高于1×10^4μg/kg。该综述可以为不同食物中可能存在的藻类毒素及其暴露水平、污染风险等提供参考。This review analyzed algal toxins regarding their toxicity,hazards,potential contaminated types,exposure levels,limit standards,and pollution risks in different foods.It was mainly found that the exposure frequency of shellfish toxins in seafoods are high,especially domoic acid,as it has the highest exposure level(>1.0×10^5μg/kg).On the other hand,other non-seafood products,such as freshwater products,crops,and algal dietary supplements etc.are contaminated by microcystins the most,resulting microcystins have the highest exposure level.In addition,a neurotoxin named anatoxin-a has relatively high exposure frequency in algal dietary supplements,and its maximum exposure level is above 1×10^4μg/kg.This review provides references for algal toxins and their exposure levels and contamination risks in different foods.

关 键 词：食物 藻类毒素 污染 限量 暴露风险 

分 类 号：TS207.4[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]