浅谈标准参照与常模参照相结合的高中学业水平考试设计方法  

Combining Criterion-Referenced and Norm-Referenced Methods in the Design of the High School Achievement Test

作　　者：黄晓婷 韩家勋[2] HUANG Xiaoting;HAN Jiaxun(Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority, China;National Education Examinations Authority, Beijing 100084, China)

机构地区：[1]香港考试及评核局,香港 [2]教育部考试中心,北京100084

出　　处：《中国考试》2019年第7期44-50,共7页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：国家教育考试科研规划2017年度课题“高中学业水平考试的命题策略研究”(GJK2017046);中国教育发展战略学会重点课题“新高考制度下高中学业发展的战略研究”(03091014)

摘　　要：高中学业水平考试在我国的新一轮高考改革中被赋予鉴定和选拔双重功能,其考试设计要结合常模与标准综合考虑,采用混合式设计。常模、课程标准和考试评价标准三者之间的闭环关系是混合式考试设计的基础。混合式考试设计的命题组卷,可以借助建构图和怀特图建立考试标准与试题内容、考生能力和试题难度之间的关系,从而为提高命题质量提供参考。混合式考试设计的成绩报告,既要提供常模参照信息,即选择合适的分数转换方法直观地显示考生在群体中的相对位置;又要提供标准参照信息,即考生能力所处的等级。划分学生能力等级时,可以使用书签法(bookmark method)。The high school achievement test serves dual purposes, both as a gatekeeper of the high school teaching quality and as a criterion for university admission. Hence, the design of the test requires a hybrid of criterionreferenced and norm-referenced methods. A feedback loop among the norm, curriculum standards and test specifications constitute a theoretical basis for the hybrid test design. Construct map is a useful tool to balance content coverage and the span of item difficulties based on test specifications in item development stage, whereas Wright map can link the empirical examinee ability distribution and item difficulty distribution in the post-exam analysis. The two kinds of maps can facilitate further improvement in item design. In terms of reporting test results, dual reporting is recommended. Normative information needs to be shown via a suitable score conversion method, and criterion-referenced information can be conveyed through the assigned grade level. Bookmark method is a possible approach to generate cut scores for each grade.

关 键 词：高考 高中学业水平考试 标准参照 常模参照 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]