基于学习者需求的汉语学习词典语用信息选取分析  

Selection of Pragmatic Information in Chinese Learner’s Dictionaries Based on Learners’ Needs

作　　者：金沛沛 Jin Peipei

机构地区：[1]天津中医药大学文化与健康传播学院

出　　处：《辞书研究》2019年第4期111-120,I0003,I0004,共12页Lexicographical Studies

基　　金：2018年教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目青年基金项目“基于越南学习者需求和使用反馈的汉语学习功能实现研究”(项目编号18YJC740033)

摘　　要：文章旨在研究汉语学习词典中语用信息的问题。语用信息是词典中负载语用意义的信息,它是学习词典中的重要信息,也是促进汉语学习者进行语用学习的重要方式。在以往对学习词典语用信息选取的研究中,尚未关照到词典的使用者--学习者(汉语学习者)的实际需求。文章基于前人的研究成果和需求分析理论,试图从学习者需求视角进行语用信息选取。调查方法以问卷调查为主,调查结果中有一些需要进一步探究的问题,我们选择了若干被试进行后续访谈。调查结果显示:(1)学习者对语用目标的需求比较强烈。(2)尽管和语用目标需求有一定程度的差异,学习者对词典语用信息也有相当程度的需求。(3)不管是语用目标需求还是语用信息需求,其内部项目之间的重视程度有所差异,并且有些差异已达到了显著程度。这提示我们在进行语用信息选取的过程中,要考虑学习者对不同语用项目的需求差异。最后,文章结合学习者的实际需求,考察了三部汉语学习词典语用信息的处理情况,并指出了其中存在的问题。Pragmatic information in a dictionary carries the pragmatic meaning of dictionary entries. It is important for learner s dictionaries and helps learners of Chinese to learn the language pragmatically. In the previous study on the selection of pragmatic information in learner s dictionaries, the users needs have not been taken into full account. Based on the theory of need analysis and questionnaire research plus interview, this paper discusses the selection of pragmatic information from the learner's perspective. Our findings are:(1) Learners have a strong need for pragmatic goals.(2) Learners also urgently need dictionary pragmatic information, though there is a difference between this need and the need for pragmatic goals.(3) Whether it is pragmatic needs or pragmatic information needs, the importance of internal projects is different, and some differences have reached a significant degree. This suggests that in selecting pragmatic information, we should consider the difference in the learner s need for different pragmatic items. Finally, based on the actual needs of the learners of Chinese, we have investigated problems in three Chinese learner s dictionaries.

关 键 词：汉语学习者 汉语学习词典 语用信息选取 需求分析 

分 类 号：H164[语言文字—汉语]