情状体与否定:英语和韩语母语者习得汉语否定标记研究  

Lexical Aspect and Negation: Acquisition of Chinese Negation Markers by English Speakers and Korean Speakers

作　　者：王佳 陈月红[2] Wang Jia;Chan Yuet Hung Cecilia

机构地区：[1]南京大学海外教育学院 [2]香港城市大学翻译及语言学系

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2019年第3期384-404,共21页Chinese Teaching in the World

摘　　要：汉语否定标记的选择受到情状体的制约,状态情状一般用"不"进行否定,而达成/实现情状则用"没"进行否定。本研究考察二语者对这一制约关系的习得,对90名英语母语者和92名韩语母语者进行阅读和听力两种模式的句法判断测试,并分析四个现有汉语中介语语料库中英语和韩语母语者对否定标记的使用情况。结果表明,水平较高的二语者能够达到跟汉语母语者相似的敏感度和确定性,这符合界面假说关于句法-语义这一内部界面能够最终习得的假设。由于韩语否定同样受到动词语义的制约,韩语母语者相对于英语母语者表现出一定的优势,说明母语背景影响二语者对界面知识的习得。此外,测试模式影响水平较低的二语者对目的语知识的提取和运用。Chinese negation, represented by the two primary negation markers, bu and mei, interacts with lexical aspect. The aspect of state co-occurs with bu but not with mei, while the aspect of achievement or accomplishment co-occurs with mei but not with bu. This study investigates L2 acquisition of the interaction between Chinese negation and lexical aspect within the framework of the Interface Hypothesis. Data were collected from 90 English speakers and 92 Korean speakers in two modes of grammaticality judgment test, and from the production data from four existing Chinese interlanguage corpora. The results indicate that it is possible for L2 learners to establish nativelike knowledge at the syntax-semantics interface involved with Chinese negation with increased Chinese proficiency, which is in line with the assumption of the Interface Hypothesis. Besides, since Korean negation is constrained by lexical meaning, Korean speakers show an advantage over English speakers in acquiring the negation of state due to positive L1 influence. Task modality also has an effect on the judgment and production performance of L2 learners at lower proficiency levels.

关 键 词：汉语否定标记 情状体 二语习得 界面假说 测试模式 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]