试论以大观念为中心的单元设计——基于两种单元设计思路的考察  

Unit Design Based on Big Ideas: Review of Two Approaches of Unit Design

作　　者：邵朝友[1] 韩文杰 张雨强[2] SHAO Chaoyou;HAN Wenjie;ZHANG Yuqiang(College of Education Science and Technology,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou,310023,China;Research Center of Basic Educational Curriculum,Qufu Normal University,Qufu,271365,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学教育科学与技术学院,杭州310023 [2]曲阜师范大学基础教育课程研究中心,曲阜273165

出　　处：《全球教育展望》2019年第6期74-83,共10页Global Education

摘　　要：单元设计是学校课堂教学活动的基本单位,目前国际上呈现出以大观念为中心的单元设计的发展趋势。逆向教学设计与科学-写作启发式教学设计乃是其中典型的两种设计思路,前者思路为"确定学习目标-设计评价活动-制定学习活动",后者思路为"准备单元的概念图-借助概念图确定大观念及其子观念-规划与大观念及其子观念相一致的活动"。深入分析这两种单元设计,可发现它们都以建构主义为学习理论基础、以大观念实现"少即是多"的课程设想、以大观念引导单元设计。这些考察与分析表明,以大观念为中心的单元设计适合我国当下的需求,但这同时也意味着我国教师需要做出诸多努力:回顾教学设计的原点,提升学习理论的认识;转变教学设计思维方式,走向大观念的单元设计;围绕大观念的学习要求,研习课程要素的设计技术。Unit design is the fundamental unit in school teaching and takes on a new trend with big ideas. Among this trend, Backward Design and Science Writing Heuristic Design are two typical design approaches. The former approach includes defining learning outcomes, designing assessment for learning outcomes and laying down learning plan", and the latter approach includes preparing a concept map about the unit-identifying the main and sub-ideas, and identifying and planning the activities aligned to main and sub-ideas". In analyzing these two approaches, we find that constructivism is regarded as the learning theory foundation of them;Curriculum vision of "less is more" can be achieved by big ideas;and the unit design is guided by big ideas. Those reviews and analyses suggest that unit design centered around big ideas is fit for the current demand of China. However, it means that Chinese teachers should pay more efforts as below: recalling original point of teaching design, and promoting awareness of learning theory;changing the way of teaching design thinking, and moving towards unit design centered around big ideas;circumfusing on learning demand of big ideas, and mastering design techniques of curriculum elements.

关 键 词：大观念 单元设计 逆向教学设计 科学-写作启发式教学设计 

分 类 号：G424.21[文化科学—课程与教学论]