事物化和事态——再论自指和转指  

Self-designation and trans-designation: Which is involved in the conceptualization of situations as entities?

作　　者：曹道根 CAO Daogen

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学外国语学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2019年第4期430-446,511,共18页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“事态观之下的汉语分裂结构句法语义研究(17BYY158)”的阶段性成果

摘　　要：汉语VP在得到适当标记时,其所述情状转指(/转喻)事态,事态即事物化情状。以情状转指事态有自反性,故为自指性转指(/自指性转喻)。事态指称总是受触发的临时性认知解读,无需做动词即名词的词类预设。汉语自指性转指结构包括主宾语小句VP、“是VP”和“(是)VP的/V的O”两类分裂句式、含同指性定语从句的“VP的N内容”结构以及事态领有结构“NP的VP”等。自指性转指结构和非自指性转指结构指代关系不同;不同的自指性转指结构中,VP所指事态的事物性或语义密度不同。按自指性转指以事态为目标概念的观点,“他开车的技术”中所含的表层无论元缺位的关系小句并不涉及自指。When properly marked or occurring in proper structural environments, Chinese VP constructions (used as a cover term for expressions ranging from a surface-string-bare verb to an entire clause) can present an entity-like situation, or a situation-based entity. They are conceptualized as an “entity” by cognitively overlooking or subjectively downplaying its temporality features. Such VPs referring to a situation-based entity are often of a reflexive nature, and thus can be self-designated. This kind of VP s referring to a situation-based entity is invariably a triggered practice with no need to presuppose that all Chinese verbs are nominal. Various cases of trans-/self- designation in Chinese are discussed in this paper. They vary in terms of the ‘thingness’ or ‘semantic density’ of the situations recognized as entities. Given the trans-/self-designation viewpoint developed in this paper, certain expressions in Chinese which are traditionally recognized as cases of self-designation turn out to be mere instances of trans-designation.

关 键 词：事物化 事态 自指 转指 概念转喻 分裂句 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]