我国交通运输业全要素生产率的增长特征及影响因素分析  

Analysis on Growth Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Transportation Industry

作　　者：彭志敏[1,2] 吴群琪 PENG Zhi-min;WU Qun-qi(School of Economy and Management,Chang’an University,Xi’an Shaanxi 710064,China;Center of Comprehensive Transport Economic Management,Chang’an University,Xi’an Shaanxi 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学经济与管理学院,陕西西安710064 [2]长安大学综合运输经济管理研究中心,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2019年第9期129-139,共11页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BJY139);中央高校基本科研业务经费专项资金项目(310823160101,310823170109)

摘　　要：提高全要素生产率是转变经济增长方式、提高经济增长质量的有效途径和显著标志。在我国交通运输业进入新的历史发展背景下,尤其是我国交通运输供给侧改革过程中,要转变我国交通运输发展方式,推动我国交通运输业高质量发展,关键在于我国交通运输行业全要素生产率的提高。综合运用DEA-Malmquist指数法、σ收敛性检验和面板数据回归分析等方法,构建了我国交通运输业全要素生产率(TFP)指数测算-收敛性检验-影响因素分析的研究框架,对2001至2015年间我国交通运输业全要素生产率的增长特征及影响因素进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)在考察期内,我国交通运输业TFP年均增长率为4.0%,累积增长率为78.6%,技术进步是推动TFP增长的主要源泉;(2)我国区域间交通运输业TFP增长呈现出东部地区>西部地区>中部地区的空间格局;(3)我国交通运输业发展表现出要素投入(主要为资本)和TFP增长双重驱动的特点,但相比要素投入,TFP增长的贡献率较低;(4)我国三大区域间交通运输业TFP并未表现出σ收敛特征;(5)要素质量和产业结构两类因素对我国交通运输业TFP具有正向作用,相关因素的趋势性变化致使我国交通运输业TFP呈现出发散格局。Improving TFP is an effective way and a significant indication for transforming economic growth mode and improving economic growth quality. Under the new historical development background of China’s transportation industry, especially in the process of transportation supply side reform, the key to transform the development mode and promote the high-quality development lies in the improvement of the TFP of Chinese transportation industry. Comprehensive using DEA-Malmquist index method,σconvergence test and panel data regression analysis, a research framework of index measurement, convergence test and influencing factor analysis for the TFP of Chinese transportation industry is constructed. The growth characteristics and the influencing factors of the TFP of Chinese transportation industry during 2001-2015 are analysed. The result shows that(1) During the research period, the average annual growth rate of TFP of Chinese transportation industry is 4.0%, the cumulative growth rate is 78.6%, the technological progress is the principally factor causing the TFP growth;(2) the TFP growth in transportation industry in the main regions of China shows the following spatial pattern: eastern region > western region > central region;(3) the development of Chinese transportation industry is driven by factor input(mainly capital) and TFP growth, however, compared to the factor input, the contribution rate of TFP growth is lower;(4) the TFP of transportation industry in Chinese 3 main regions does not show the σconvergence characteristics;(5) factor quality and industrial structure have positive effects on Chinese transportation industry, and the trend variation of the related factors leads to the divergent pattern of the TFP of Chinese transportation industry.

关 键 词：运输经济 交通运输业 全要素生产率 DEA-MALMQUIST 收敛性 影响因素 

分 类 号：F252.5[经济管理—国民经济]