环境污染如何转化为社会问题  

How to Transform Environmental Pollution into Social Problems

作　　者：陈阿江[1] Chen Ajiang

机构地区：[1]河海大学环境与社会研究中心社会学系

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2019年第8期140-149,199,共11页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“村民环境行为与农村面源污染研究”(12BSH021)

摘　　要：环境污染的问题化是环境治理的前提条件。科学技术深嵌到环境社会问题的形成过程中。科学地认识环境污染,并且通过技术手段转化为大众可了解的信息,是污染转化为社会问题的重要基础。在早期工业化进程中,无论是外源污染即受苦圈与受益圈分离的理想类型,还是内生污染即受苦圈与受益圈重叠的理想类型,环境污染都难于正常的问题化。随着工业化、城市化的推进,社会转型过程中结构性矛盾的突出,环境受影响者主体的多元化、不同层级政府的多目标化、新媒体的日渐普及,涉环境问题主体间的竞争、冲突与顺应、合作的不断演化,加之宏观结构关系的转向,尽管存在环境污染问题过度化的现象,环境污染的问题化整体步入常态。而当环境污染的问题化形成机制步入常态,常规的环境治理的制度建设和民众环保意识的培育应尽快提上日程。The problem of environmental pollution is the precondition of environmental governance. Science and technology are deeply embedded in the formation process of environmental and social problems. Scientific understanding of environmental pollution and transforming it into public understandable information through technological means are the important basis for transforming pollution into social problems. In the process of early industrialization, both exogenous pollution and endogenous pollution are difficult to normalize. With the advancement of industrialization and urbanization, the problem of environmental pollution has become normal as a whole, despite the phenomenon of over-pollution. As the formation mechanism of environmental pollution becomes more and more normal, the system construction of conventional environmental governance and the cultivation of people’s environmental awareness should be put on the agenda as soon as possible.

关 键 词：环境污染 问题化 科学认知 技术呈现 外源污染 内生污染 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]