论老子的时间哲学  

On Laozi’s Time Philosophy

作　　者：周可真[1] Zhou Kezhen

机构地区：[1]苏州大学哲学系

出　　处：《江苏社会科学》2019年第5期168-175,259,260,共10页Jiangsu Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“儒、道、法的国家治理哲学研究”(16AZX014)成果之一

摘　　要：老子时间哲学是基于“天下有始”的宇宙论假设,由此引出标识时间原点的“古始”概念。以“古始”为理论基石的老子时间哲学兼具历史、伦理双重意义,并以“道法自然”的命题,确立了“自然”作为历史法则和伦理法则之共同本体的地位。在“道法自然”命题中,“自然”兼指始然之道体与自足之道性;该命题本意谓“道”永守其古始就有的德性。“常道”之“常”是标识永时的概念。“始”“母”与“无”“有”是标识时间形式与存在形态互相统一的两对概念,突出地反映了老子的相对时间观。作为宇宙论概念,“先”“后”除了表示宇宙演化中时间前后的次序关系,还表示由前者推导出后者的演绎逻辑关系;“母”“子”除了也表示这种逻辑关系以外,更表示“道”演化出天地万物的宇宙史关系。这两种意义的叠合,使“先”“后”与“母”“子”实际成为标识宇宙历史逻辑的概念。以“古始”概念为理论基石的老子时间哲学,是以自然本体论和相对时间观作为其核心要素的。其自然本体论要求人们返始复初,以虚静之心体,守自然之常道;其相对时间观要求人们挫锐解纷,以柔弱之心志,应古今之时变。Laozi's time philosophy is based on the cosmological hypothesis of “the beginning of the world”, which leads to the concept of “ancient beginning” that marks the origin of time. Laozi's time philosophy, which is based on the theory of “ancient beginning”, has both historical and ethical significance. With the proposition of “The Ways of Tao are conditioned by those of the Self- so”, the “Self- so” is established as the common subject of both historical laws and ethical laws. In the proposition, the “Selfso” refers to both the “what-is-so-of-itself” and self-sufficiency. The “permanent way” is a concept of eternal time.“Beginning”,“mother” and “none” and “having” are two pairs of concepts that symbolize the unity of time and existence, highlighting Laozi's relative view of time. As cosmological concepts,“first” and “then” indicate not only the time order in the evolution of the universe but also a deductive logical relationship in which the former deducts of the latter;“mother” and “child” indicate not only this logical relationship but also the history of the universe in which “Tao” evolves into the universe.The superposition of these two types of meanings makes “Tao” practically a concept that symbolizes the historical logic of the universe. Laozi ’ s time philosophy on the basis of the concept of “ancient beginningM is based on the natural ontology and the relative view of time. Its natural ontology requires people to return to the beginning and keep the permanent way with peaceful body and soul;its relative view of time requires people to frustrate and resolve and change from time to time with a gentle mind.

关 键 词：老子 时间哲学 古始 自然本体论 相对时间观 

分 类 号：B223.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学]