执行救济制度的体系化  

The Systemizationof the Remedy System of Enforcement

作　　者：张卫平[1] Zhang Weiping

机构地区：[1]天津大学

出　　处：《中外法学》2019年第4期891-910,共20页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：最高人民法院2018年执行研究课题“另案法律文书对执行程序影响问题研究”（项目编号：ZGFYZXKT201808）的阶段性成果

摘　　要：改革开放四十年以来,我国民事执行制度取得了长足进步。作为民事执行制度的有机组成部分,执行救济制度也从无到有得以逐步完善。但由于我国民事执行的制度建构是在民事执行实践中不断摸索方逐渐形成,基于实践和观念上的局限,执行救济制度的现实状态与更有效地解决执行乱、维护当事人合法权益的理想目标,尚有一定距离。要进一步完善民事救济制度,就需要从体系化的角度系统地考察研究民事救济制度体系的基本因素,并在此基础上,调整、补充和完善民事执行救济的各项具体制度,实现各项制度之间的整合与协调。执行中实体问题与程序问题的界分是执行救济制度体系化的基本考量因素。我国民事执行救济制度的体系建构必须响应这一要求,并将实体问题与程序问题的界分作为一般原则,形成实体上的执行救济制度与程序上的执行救济制度相配合的二元构造。在执行实体救济上,应当建立请求异议之诉,增设执行回转之诉,慎待执行文付与制度,完善债权人异议之诉。在执行程序救济上,应当设立“移审异议+原审异议”的二元救济。如此,才能建立起满足民事诉讼与执行、执行与执行救济、各执行救济制度之间协调统一、自洽之要求的体系。Since Reform and Opening,China's civil enforcement system has made considerable pro gress thanks to the practice of forty years. As an integral part of civil enforcement system,the remedy system of enforcement has been built from scratch and has been constantly improved since then. However,for the reason that China's civil enforcement system is constructed gradually through trial and error in concrete practice and is limited by the confines of practice and minds,there is still a gap between the cur rent development of the remedy system of enforcement and the ideal of solving the problem of arbitrary enforcement more efficiently and protecting lawful rights and in terests,leaving the equilibrium in both the actualization of rights and the remedy of rights to be reached. The further improvement of the remedy system of civil rights requires a systematic consideration and study of the fundamental structural elements,based on which,the adjustm ent,complement and improvement of each particular secondary sys tem can be done so that the concordance and coherence between those systems will be realized. The de marcation of procedural issues and substantive issues is a fundam ental element to be taken into consideration in the process of the systemization of the enforcement remedies. The different functions of civil action and civil enforcement decides that it is a must to formulate different paths of remedy based on the nature of the subject matter of dispute in the enforcement. Therefore,the construction of China’s the remedy system of enforcement needs to be in line with this,and regards the demarcation of procedural issues and substantive issues as a general principle. To set up different remedy procedures for substantive matters in dispute and procedural matters in dispute in civil enforcement is an important task of systemization,which means a binary structure of enforcement remedies for substantive matters and enforcement remedies for procedural matters. Only in this way can a consistent and consonant multi-dimensi

关 键 词：民事执行 执行救济 执行异议之诉 审执分离 执行难 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]